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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 




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MOTHER AND CHILD; 



THEIR 



COMFORT AND CARE. 



A BOOK FOR EVERY WOMAN. 



BY 



ALICE C. WOOD, B.S., M.D. 



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CHICAGO 

WOOD PUBLISHING COMPANY 

1894 



Copyrighted by 

ALICE C. WOOD, 

1894. 



TO MY MOTHER 

TO WHOM I OWE MY ALL, WHOSE CHRISTIAN VIRTUES 

AND UPRIGHT LIFE I FAIN WOULD 

EMULATE, THIS BOOK IS 

AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED 

BY 

THE AUTHOR. 



PREFACE. 



Little need be said in regard to the object of this 
book. It is simply what the title indicates — the Com- 
fort and Care of Mother and Child, both pre- and 
post-natal. 

We have aimed at brevity and think we have 
succeeded in packing the greatest amount of ideas in 
few words. It presents its thoughts and facts clearly. 
We seek to be understood, to reach the head, probe 
the heart and improve the generations that are yet 
unborn. We feel that knowledge should be the right 
of the masses rather than the privilege of the few. 

We have made no attempt to exhaust the subject, 
technicalities have been avoided and expressions given 
in plain English. 

We hope to teach the mother those things which 
most interest her and her offspring. 

If we, as physicians, were paid for teaching people 
what we are for drugging them, the annual mortality 
of this country would be decreased by half a million. 

The busy physician is so often asked by the pro- 
spective mother, "What shall I do that I may have 



6 PREFACE. 

an easy labor, a healthy, well-formed child, and what 
kind and how many garments shall I prepare ?" We 
hope to have answered these queries to so inform our 
readers that the cherished cherub may expand in 
bloom amid the sunshine of domestic joy. 

If these few pages will lend a helping hand they will 
have done their appointed work and amply repaid the 
one who sent them forth. 

Alice C. Wood. 

Chicago, 111., March 1, 1894. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER L 

Section I. — Motherhood. 
The relation of mother and child. — Her mission. 

Sec. II. — Painless Childbirth. 
Pain not a curse.— Suffering contrary to nature. — 
Mode of living responsible. — American women the 
greater sufferers. — Examples : Russian, Peasants, the 
Squaw, the Italian, Negress and the lower classes. — 
Fashion an impediment to easy labor. — Absurdity of 
boneless infants. — Nature will not substitute. — 
Theory advanced 1839. — Abdominal development a 
necessity. — Easy labor dependent upon the mother. — 
Examples. 

CHAPTER II. 

Conception. 

Organs of reproduction. — Ovaries. — Ovi-ducts. — 
Uterus. — Vagina. — Conception. — Law of conception. 
— Development of embryo. 



o CONTENTS. 

CHAPTEE III. 

Pregnancy. 

Signs and symptoms. — Presumptive. — Cessation of 
menses. — Morning sickness. — Enlargement of ab- 
domen. — Enlargement of breasts. — Positive. — Quick- 
ening. — Foetal heart-beat. — Duration of pregnancy. — 
How determined. 



CHAPTEE IV. 

Disorders of Pregnancy. 

Mental disorders. —Treatment. — Disorders of the 
stomach. — Cause. — Treatment. — Derangement of 
appetite.— Constipation. — Treatment. — Diarrhoea. — 
Treatment. — Flatulence. — Treatment. — Toothache. — 
Liver-spots. — Jaundice. — Treatment. — Pruritus. — 
Treatment. — Leucorrhoea. — Palpitation of the Heart. 
— Haemorrhoids. — Swelling of limbs. — Insomnia. — 
Headache. — Varicose Veins. 



CHAPTEE V. 

Hygiene of Pregnancy. 

Congenial surroundings. — Dress. — Its effect on 
mother and child. — Corsets. — Garters. — Common sense 
shoes. — Bathing. — Sponge or Towel bath. — Sitz-bath. 
— Turkish bath. — Sea-bathing. — Exercise. — Diet. 



CONTENTS. 9 

CHAPTEE VI. 

Preparation for Labor. 

Eoom. — Bed. — Mattress. — Preparation of bed. — 
Articles needed during labor. 

CHAPTER VII. 

Premonitory Signs of Labor. 

Labor.— Three stages.— First.— Second.— Third.— 
Phenomena of each. 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Infants; Their Birth and Care. 

Bath. — How given. — Attention to the mother. — 
Dressing of the Infant. — Umbilical cord. — How cared 
for. — Clothing. — Diaper. — Shirt. — Pinning blanket. — 
Petticoat. — Dress. — Presentation of child to mother. — 
Bathing baby. — Cleanliness. — Nursing. — Mother's 
milk. — Wet nurse. — Rules governing her selection. 

CHAPTER IX. 

Artificial Food. 

The effect on the Infant.— Cow's milk. — Selection 
and Preparation. — A simple sterilizer. — How pre- 
pared. — Condensed milk. — Horlick's Malted Milk. — 
Nursing bottle. — Selection and care. — The nipple. — 
Feeding. — Table for feeding. 



CONTENTS, 10 

CHAPTEK X. 

Baby's Regimen. 

Sleep. — Position for sleep. — Air and exercise. — 
Creeping and walking. — Cries of babies, — Their signifi- 
cance.— Weaning. — Time for weaning. — Diet.— Sleep- 
ing apartments.— Bed, etc. 



CHAPTEE XL 

Baby's Wardrobe. 

Material. — Band. — Nightdress. — Pinning blanket. — 
Petticoat. — Dress. — Bath wrapper. — Sacks. — Socks. 
— Boots. — Diapers. — Instructions for making each. — 
Modest wardrobe. — Articles contained. — Elaborate 
wardrobe. — Articles contained. — Luxuries for Baby. — 
Basket. — Preparation and contents. 



CHAPTEE XII. 

Diseases of Infants. 

"Why peculiar to them. — Pure air. — Pulse. — Tem- 
perature. — Eespiration. 

Section I. — Specific Diseases of Infants. 
Eupture (Umbilical Hernia.) — Treatment. — Inflam- 
mation of the Navel. — Treatment. — Inflammation of 
eyes. — Treatment. — Coryza. — Treatment. — Hiccough 
— Falling of the rectum. 



CONTENTS. 



11 



Sec. II. — Gastric Derangements. 
Thrush. — Symptoms.— Cause. — Treatment. — Colic. 
— Treatment. — Constipation. — Treatment. — Diar- 
rhoea. — Treatment. — Cholera Infantum. — Treatment. 
— Teething. — Date of Eruption of Teeth. — Treatment 
during this period. — Worms. — Symptoms. — Treat- 
ment, — Vomiting, — Cause and Treatment, 

Sec. III. — Nervous Disorders. 
Convulsions. — Cause and Treatment. 

Sec. IV. — Diseases of the Skin. 
Chafing. — Treatment. — Erysipelas. — Cause and 
Treatment. — Mumps. — Cause and Treatment. — Jaun- 
dice. — Treatment. — Milk Crust. — Treatment. 

Sec. V. — Affections of the Ear. 
Inflammation of Ear. — Earache. — Eunning of the 
Ears. — Treatments. 

Sec. VI. — Sexual and Urinary Organs. 
Of Boys.— Of Girls. — Eetention of Urine. — Treat- 
ment.— Gravel. 



CHAPTEE XIII. 

Diseases of the Respiratory Organs. 

The Lungs. — Their appearance. — Inspiration. — Ex- 
piration. — Bronchitis. — Symptoms and Treatment. — 



12 CONTENTS. 

Pneumonia.— Symptoms and Treatment. — Tonsilitis. 
— Treatment. — Whooping- Cough. — Treatment. — 
Spasmodic Croup. — Treatment. — Membraneous Croup. 
—Treatment.— Diphtheria. — Treatment. — Influenza. 
—Treatment, 



CHAPTER XIV. 

Fevers. 

Scarlet Fever. — Cause, Symptoms and Treatment. 
— Measles. — Cause and Treatment. — Chicken-pox. — 
Symptoms and Treatment. — Intermittent Fever. — 
Symptoms and Treatment, 



DIETETICS; OR WHAT TO TEED THE 
SICK. 

CHAPTER XV. 

Beverages. 

Elm Tea. — Gum-Arabic Water. — Toast Water. — 
Jelly Water. — Apple Water. — Tamarind Water. — 
Lemonade. — Raspberry Syrup. — Raspberry Vinegar. 
— Wine Whey. — Sago Milk. — Iceland Moss Lemonade. 
— Flaxseed Lemonade. — Lemon Ice. — Egg Lemonade. 
— Barley Water. — Oatmeal Water. — Egg Water. — 
Coffee and Egg.— Egg Nog.— Hot Lemonade.— Corn 
Tea.— Buttermilk.— Buttermilk Pop.— Hot Milk. 



CONTENTS. 13 

CHAPTEE XVI. 

Blanc Manges and Custards. 

Iceland Moss. — Fruit Blanc Mange. — Farina Blanc 
Mange. — Arrowroot Blanc Mange. — Tapioca Blanc 
Mange. — Gelatine Charlotte Busse. — Sago Blanc 
Mange. — Baked Custard. 

CHAPTEE XVII. 

Creams — Jellies. 

Whipped Cream. — Coffee Cream. — Chocolate 
Cream. — Orange Cream. — Spanish Cream. — Tapioca 
Jelly. — Chicken Jelly. — Lemon Jelly. — Apple Jelly. — 
Wine Jelly.— Gelatine Jelly. 

CHAPTEE XVIII. 

Broths and Soups. 

Mutton Broth. — Oyster Broth. — Beef Broth. — 
Chicken Broth. — Macaroni Soup. — Farina Soup. — 
Veal Soup. — Pea Soup. — Beef Soup. — Chicken Soup. 



CHAPTEE XIX. 

Gruels. 

Farina Gruel. — Oatmeal Gruel. — Eice Gruel. — Sago 
Gruel. — Arrowroot Gruel. — Cornmeal Gruel. — 
Bouillie. 



14 CONTENTS. 

CHAPTEE XX. 

Vegetables. 

Asparagus. — Baked Potatoes. — Stewed Celery. — 
Tomatoes with Corn.— Scalloped Tomatoes. 

CHAPTEE XXI. 

Bread and Gems. 

Eice Bread. — Unfermented Brown Bread. — Bread 
Panada. — Cracker Panada. — Corn Bread. — Boston 
Brown Bread. — Graham Bread. — Unleavened Bread. 
— Oatmeal Gems. — Brown Gems. — Wheat Gems. 

CHAPTEE XXII. 

Eggs. 

Boiled.— Poached.— Scrambled.— Steamed.— Ome- 
lette. 



^©raiM and miin. 



CHAPTER I. 



MOTHERHOOD. 

SECTION I. 

Motherhood is earth's holiest shrine. The relations 
of mother and child have no superiors ; and only when 
we are able to count the sands upon the seashore will 
we be able to estimate a mother's mission. 

The magnitude of motherhood no human mind can 
conceive. 

There is no position, no honor, ever lavished on 
woman, equal to this her maternal mission. 

She is earth's queen who produces the highest order 
of children. 

The sweetest, softest notes ever struck upon an 
iEolian harp are not half so sweet, as they fall upon 
the ear, as the word mother. 

Raphael,- the prince of painters, once said, " The only 
painting he could not produce with perfect satisfaction 
was that of a mother as she gazed upon her first-born." 

Ought not she who is soon to become a mother be 
treated with tenderness and veneration, both by men 
and women, provided, of course, she does not arrogate 



18 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

to herself such care and attention that all near her are 
made unhappy and slaves to her caprices. 

She who waits her crown of motherhood with pa- 
tience and dignity, will receive when that tiny babe 
is placed in her arms, such a thrill of unspeakable joy 
that comes only to a mother. 

The prospective mother, especially if she be young 
and it be her first child, will be anxious and well-nigh 
overwhelmed with gnawing apprehensions. 

Chide her not, laugh not at her queries, but kindly, 
intelligently instruct her, that she may approach this 
trial with vigor, unsapped by frightful forebodings. 

Oh! mother, think not of the shadows but enjoy the 
blessedness of a sweet anticipation. 

Nature acts beautifully and well ; if clouds darken 
your matrimonial sky, remember this tiny cherub 
which comes to your home may make bright your 
pathway, may be the Gilead balm which will aid you 
to bear that which seemed well-nigh impossible. 

As heaven would not be perfect without the babes, 
neither would our earthly homes, and as the propa- 
gation of our kind is the weapon that "shall bruise 
the serpent's head," we hope in the succeeding pages 
to so instruct you that this Holy office will be filled 
with the grace and dignity of a queen. 

PAINLESS CHILDBIRTH. 

SECTION II. 
" Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie." — Shaks. 

In sorrow shalt thou bring forth children is thought 
by many to be a cuise stamped by the Divine upon 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 19 

all women. How unlike God's dealings. And if it 
were true that God had indeed issued this mandate, 
how is it that some women go down to the very shores 
of death, suffer untold anguish for hours, while the 
labor of other women is so easy and comparatively 
painless. 

Justice underlies and permeates all His works and 
the fault is with us ; but for the fear attendant upon 
child-bearing, many more women would bear, and 
those who do bear would bear it more willingly. 

Childbirth without a pain may be impossible, but 
the pains should be slight. Suffering is contrary to 
nature's laws and is caused by one's mode of living. 
This is most clearly proven from the fact that among 
the lower classes, there is little pain. She who pays 
homage to fashion, inflicts upon herself suffering. It 
is acceded that no women on earth suffer in child- 
birth as our American women. 

The Eussian peasant women frequently drive the 
cattle to the hills in the morning and return in the 
evening with a new-born babe in their aprons. 

Nature is the squaw's midwife. The women are 
delivered alone in a private cabin. Immediately after- 
ward bathe themselves and return to their labors. 

It is reported that the Asaucanian Indian mother, 
on her delivery, takes her child, goes to the nearest 
stream, bathes herself and it and returns to the station. 

The negresses usually have easy labor, and would 
rather have a child than have a tooth extracted. 

In the city of Philadelphia, some two years ago, an 
Italian woman walking along the street was suddenly 



20 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

in labor, ere a conveyance could be procured she gave 
birth, upon a door-step, to a large and healthy boy. 

During the late war, in one of the southern cities, a 
negress was at a tub washing, a man well known 
chatted with her for a few minutes, when he left and 
was gone for just fifteen minutes. When he returned 
the woman was absent and her husband was at the 
tub. The colonel paused for a moment to speak to 
the husband and the wife returned to finish the wash- 
ing having, in the meantime, given birth to a child. 

Why is it that the German, Irish, Indian and 
peasant women have so easy a time in labor, while our 
own beloved American women suffer untold agony. 
It is because their mode of living renders them deli- 
cate, fragile and incapable of endurance. She who 
by devotion to fashion relaxes and disorders the 
muscles employed in child-birth will suffer, while on 
the other hand, the woman who obeys nature's laws 
will come down to child-bearing, treating it as a 
luxury. 

Be womanly, be natural. Muscles alone effect de- 
livery, hence the better they are the easier the labor. 
If the pelvis is normal, no woman need suffer the 
dreaded agonies of childbirth. 

Sedentary habits, want of fresh air, excessive warmth 
in coal-heated rooms, imperfect circulation and di- 
gestion, late hours, bad eating, idleness and loading the 
hips with surplus clothes, disorders the muscles and 
aggravates the pain and danger of childbirth. Women 
are too sedate, prim and inert. Snap the bands of 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 21 

f asliionable restraint ; be womanly, but not old beyond 
your years. 

Many women have been instructed that by eating 
food having little or no bone-forming materials, they 
can aid in easy delivery. This is absurd. Human 
science has clearly demonstrated that nature must 
and will have proportion. Imagine if you can almost 
boneless infants. This is just as much without reason 
as a contractor building an elaborate house upon a 
poor, weak foundation. Nature manufactures no sur- 
plus material and must have as much bone as muscle 
and brain or she will not work. 

Bone material must be supplied, nature will not use 
nervous, fibrous, or any other in its stead, for she 
works by law and not by chance. Prospective mothers, 
eat for the perfect development of your child, for you 
should give to your protege whatever and all material 
needed for the perfect development of its organic 
machinery, and you will be the stronger. The pro- 
duction of boneless children was first advanced in 
1839, by a Mrs. Pendleton, and has since been advo- 
cated by some few who have laid reason aside for the 
advancement of their theory. Investigation proves 
that women who have tried this experiment and 
neglected the other offices, have been most bitterly 
disappointed by a severe labor and a child of perfect 
bone. 

What women need is abdominal development. 
Irrational dress, indolent habits of life render the 
muscles about the loins, abdomen, waist, and chest 



22 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

flabby. Every woman should be able to raise her 
knee to her chest, or her foot to her outstretched 
hand. Easy or difficult labor is almost entirely the 
work of the mother, her mode of living before and 
during the period of gestation is most influential in 
the result. Easy childbirth is not impossible, and 
women should lay aside all prejudices, and prove that 
by right living, childbirth can be robbed of its suffer- 
ing. Six years ago a woman of this city gave birth to 
a little girl of only seven and one-half pounds. Her 
labor was intensely severe, lasting for over forty-eight 
hours, and her recovery was slow and tedious. Two 
years after, she came to labor and suffered the same 
agonies, after which she concluded there was some 
trouble with herself. Consulting her physician, she 
was advised to reform her mode of living, which she 
did, and last September was driving with her husband 
when she told him to hasten home, and although only 
one block from her home, she barely reached her room 
ere the wail of an infant was heard. When questioned 
regarding her pain, she replied, "Doctor, I only had 
two little mean pains." 

Health diminishes the pains, and feebleness aggra- 
vate the pains of delivery. Obey the laws of physi- 
ology, live right and you will discover that parturition 
is comparatively void of pain and suffering. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 23 



CHAPTER II. 



CONCEPTION. 

The reproductive organs of woman consist of the 
ovaries, the ovi-ducts, the uterus or womb, the vagina 
and the mammary glands. 

The ovaries are two almond-shaped bodies about 
one and one-half inches long, three-fourths broad, and 
one-half inch in thickness. They are situated on 
either side of the uterus about two and one-half inches 
distant from it, and are attached to it by muscular 
bands. 

They are the essential organs of generation as they 
provide the germ which is made fruitful by union with 
the male germ or spermatazoid. 

It is estimated each ovary contains thirty-six 
thousand ovas or eggs. 

Every four weeks during a womans' child-bearing 
period one of these ovas or eggs mature. Separating 
itself from its environments it is conveyed by the ovi- 
ducts to the uterus and finally discharged. 

The ovi-ducts, or Fallopian tubes, are about three 
and one-half inches in length, are trumpet-shaped, 
and extend from the upper angles of the uterus to the 
ovaries. 

Their office is to convey the ova from the ovaries to 



24 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

the uterus, as well as transmit the germ or fecunda- 
ting principle of the male. 

The uterus is a pear-shaped body about two and 
one-half inches in length, one and one-half inches in 
breadth at its widest part, and three-fourth of an inch 
in thickness. It is situated between the bladder and 
rectum. 

It has a cavity which is conical in shape, with three 
openings. 

At the top, or fundus, the ovi-ducts enter, one on 
each side. 

The lower portion or neck enters in the vagina and 
is called the os uteri, or mouth of the womb ; this lower 
opening is about one-eighth of an inch in diameter. 

The uterus is held in place by ligaments or muscu- 
lar bands, which also envelop the ovaries and ovi-ducts. 

The vagina is a cylindrical tube or passage into 
which the neck of the uterus enters at its upper end. 
It is about three and one-half inches in length. It 
serves as a passage for the menstrual flow, for the 
child at birth and for the reception of the male organ 
in copulation. 

Conception or fecundation are terms which imply 
fruitful contact of the male and female element so 
that a new organism comes into existence. 

Where this takes place is a matter of much specu- 
lation ; that it does not occur in the uterus, is an estab- 
lished fact, hence it must occur somewhere in the 
ovi-ducts or the ovaries. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 25 

Our knowledge is chiefly gathered from experi- 
mentation with rabbits, and when we consider the 
size of the female and male element, it is not to be 
wondered at that our knowledge is largely theoretical. 

The impregnating element of the male is called 
semen. It is a thick, whitish, albuminous fluid — 
resembling the white of a hens' egg. 

Under a powerful magnifying glass it is seen to con- 
tain little oval flattened bodies, resembling a "tad 
pole." They are about one six-hundredth of an inch 
in length and are called spermatozoa. They have a 
worm-like motion and travel, it is estimated, an inch 
in seven and a half minutes. 

Our knowledge of the process of fecundation is 
limited, the fact only being known that the spermato- 
zoa coming in contact with the female ova or egg, they 
unite, the spermatozoa dissolving in the female ova, 
and thus begins a human soul. 

The process of the development of this being in 
utero is a complicated one, and I will not bore you 
with its details, suffice it to say that the condition of 
the child depends upon the condition of the mother, 
as she is the only source of nourishment. 

THE FIRST MONTH. 

The first week of pregnancy the product of con- 
ception is nothing more than a gelatinous mass, grayish 
in color and to the naked eye presenting no definite 
trace of either head or extremities. 

The entire mass measures but one-fourth of an inch 
while the embryo is but one-twelfth of an inch, but 
during the next week they double in dimensions. 



26 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Thus the development goes on, so that at the close 
of the month the ovum is the size of a pigeon's egg. 
The embryo is about three-fourths of an inch in length. 

SECOND MONTH. 

At eight weeks the ovum is about the size of a hen's 
egg. The embryo about two-thirds of an inch long, 
the external generative organs are visible. 

THIRD MONTH. 

The embryo measures from two and a half to three 
and a half inches in length. The forearm is well 
formed and the fingers discernable. The head is large 
and the eyes are prominent. The nails on fingers and 
toes begin to develop. 

FOURTH MONTH. 

The foetus is about five inches long and weighs as 
many ounces. Its sex is more distinct; movements 
are visible. Hair begins to appear on the scalp and 
if born at this period may live two or three hours. 

FIFTH MONTH. 

The foetal weight has increased to ten ounces and 
its length to about nine inches. Fine hair appears 
over the whole body. Foetal movements can be felt 
by the mother. If born it can live but a few hours. 

SIXTH MONTH. 

Its weight is about twenty-four ounces. Its length 
about eleven inches. Hair is quite abundant. If 
born it breaths freely, but lives only a short time — 
except in rare instances. 

SEVENTH MONTH. 

Its weight from three to four pounds. Length from 
fourteen to fifteen inches. The skin is wrinkled and 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 27 

red in color, and covered with a whitish substance 
called vernix caseosa. If born at this period the child 
is able to breathe and cry and nurse and may live if 
properly cared for. 

EIGHTH MONTH. 

Weight from four to five pounds, sixteen to eighteen 
inches in lengfh. The development is rather in thick- 
ness than in length. 

The nails are nearly perfect, and if born the child is 
more liable to live than at seven months. There is a 
superstition that a child born at this period never lives. 
I have known several to live and be healthy robust 
children. . 

NINTH MONTH OR AT TERM. 

At the end of pregnancy the foetus weighs on an 
average of six and a half to seven pounds. 

Out of three thousand children delivered by Cazeaux 
but one reached ten pounds. 

Out of four thousand delivered at La Maternite, 
only one weighed twelve pounds. 

Hence we can readily see that there is an uncon- 
scious tendency on the part of mother and friends to 
exaggerate the weight of children. For, according to 
their statistics, every child weighs from ten to fifteen 
pounds. 

Perhaps the largest child born in this country was 
that of Mrs. Captain Bates — the Nova Scotia giantess. 
Its weight is said to have been twenty-four pounds. 

Children have been born and lived who only weighed 
one pound. Males average weight is greater than that 
of females. 



28 MOTHER AND CHILD. 



CHAPTER III. 



PREGNANCY— SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS. 

Pregnancy, or fruitfulness, is the state between the 
periods^of conception and delivery. 

As a rule, it occurs only in women after the period 
menstruation has commenced and ends at the cli- 
macteric, or when the woman ceases to menstruate. 
Although cases are on record wherein young women 
have conceived before the menstrual function had been 
established. And again, impregnation has occurred 
during lactation and suspension of menstruation. 

Signs of pregnancy are divided into presumptive 
and positive. 

Presumptive. — Cessation of menses, morning sick- 
ness (nausea and vomiting), enlargement of abdomen, 
and enlargement of the breasts. 

In women who have always menstruated regularly, 
cessation of the menses, it is true, may ordinarily be 
considered a sign that conception has taken place. 

Yet suppression may be the result of cold, of inflam- 
mation, of uterine trouble and other diseases. 

It frequently occurs that women menstruate for the 
first tw T o or three months after conception has taken 
place, and a few cases are reported where they men- 
struated regularly through the whole period of gestation. 

Morning sickness — nausea and perhaps vomiting; 






MOTHER AND CHILD. 29 

while this may be considered a rational sign, yet it 
may occur from other causes, and it must be taken in 
conjunction with the other symptoms, ere it can be 
considered reliable. 

Enlargement of the abdomen is not in itself a sure 
sign of pregnancy. Although a gradual increase of 
the abdomen is a strong indication of pregnancy, there 
are often diseases that cause it. 

Enlargements of the breasts cannot be taken as a 
positive sign, as they may occur from sympathy with 
some uterine trouble. 

Although it is true that about two months after 
conception has occurred, the breasts enlarge and 
oftimes become the seat of slight pains and prickling 
sensations, the nipples also enlarge and become 
darker, the areola, or ring around the nipple, spreads 
in circumference and assumes a darker color. 

The positive signs are : Quickening and foetal heart- 
beat. 

"Quickening" is the common term by which is 
generally meant the first knowledge the mother has of 
the child's moving. 

This first movement, however, is not the beginning 
of life, but simply the beginning of muscular action. 

The period in which this occurs is between the 
eighteenth and twentieth week, but it may be felt 
earlier or later. 

FCETAL HEART-BEAT. 

Fcetal heart-beat is a positive sign that pregnancy 
exists. In sound, it resembles the ticking of a watch 
when placed beneath a pillow. 



30 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

It is also claimed that the sex in utero can be de- 
termined by the rapidity of these sounds, those of the 
female being more rapid than the male. The follow- 
ing table may be considered reliable : 

From 110 to 125 almost certainly male. 
From 125 to 130 probably male. 
From 130 to 135 doubtful— chances male. 
From 135 to 140 doubtful — chances female. 
From 140 to 145 probably female. 
From 145 to 170 positively female. 

As has been stated the duration of pregnancy is 
about two hundred and eighty days. 

The table on the opposite page will aid you to de- 
termine when labor will occur. 

If it is impossible to establish the date of the last 
menstrual flow, and the time when quickening was first 
felt can be recalled by the woman, the proximate 
date of delivery may be obtained by adding twenty- 
two weeks. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 



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Directions. — Find in the upper horizontal line the date on which 
the last menstruation ceased, the figure beneath gives the date of ex- 
pected confinement. Example, if menstruation ceased on January 1st, 
confinement would occur October 8th. 



32 MOTHER AND CHILD, 



CHAPTER IV. 



DISEASES OF PREGNANCY. 

Nature has provided that pregnancy should not be 
a source of disease; but ignorance, false modesty, 
fashion, previously-acquired womb troubles, errors of 
regimen and diet, bad training in girlhood and weak 
constitution often lay the foundations of serious 
troubles during pregnancy. 

I shall discuss the diseases of pregnancy separately, 
and suggest means to avoid and to alleviate them. 

Mental Disorders. — Mental disturbances during 
this period are extremely serious. 

Most serious consequences have been produced by 
an overwrought imagination. 

It is important for the mother's well-being, as well 
as that of the coming child, that all mental illusions 
be conquered. Ofttimes this can be done by gentle 
reasoning and moral suasion. 

The husband should remember the trial she must 
undergo to give him the delight of parentage. It 
should be his highest pleasure to calm her fears, to 
soothe her irritations, and when the hour comes and 
she lies prostrate, he will thank God he has been 
kind to her. Invite some congenial friends to your 
home, introduce games and moderate gayety, take her 
to a lecture, a concert, a drama. If necessary, change 



/ 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 33 

of scene, short easy journeys to favorite spots, but if 
after these efforts to "rob the mind of dark shadows" 
the mental depression still exist, consult your phy- 
sician, as serious results may occur unless this state 
is overcome. 

Disorders of the Stomach. — As previously men- 
tioned nausea and morning sickness is a concomitant 
symptom of pregnancy. It may occur immediately 
after conception, but it more frequently commences 
after the second or third week. It may continue for 
three or four months, generally not beyond the third. 

It may continue through the whole period, but 
generally it only reappears after the eight month and 
ceases when the uterus descends in the abdomen, which 
is about two weeks before confinement. 

The frequency and intensity of the vomiting varies 
in different persons. 

Some vomit only in the morning before eating, 
others after eating; to some the smell of food will 
provoke vomiting. 

There are those who make all the efforts of vomiting 
without being able to do so. In cases where the 
straining is severe, the shock may be communicated 
to the lower part of the abdomen, causing intense pain, 
which, if the patient will remain quiet for a few 
minutes, will pass away. 

It is caused in some by their great nervous suscep- 
tibility, constitutional disturbances, a reckless disre- 
gard of the laws of digestion, devotion to the baneful 
fashion of small waists, want of exercise, etc. 



34 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Treatment — Let the diet be plain and light with 
plenty of acid fruits, avoid fats and sweets. 

Don't force the appetite, let hunger demand food. 
The juice of lemons and other acid fruits will greatly 
assist in assimilating any excess of nutriment, dilute 
them so as to render them pleasant to the taste. 

Hot fomentations placed upon the stomach will 
allay vomiting, or a hot enema. 

A few mouthfuls of pulverized ice swallowed quickly, 
will relieve. 

Champagne has been known to relieve the most 
distressing cases where all other treatment failed. 

Vomiting in the latter stages is caused by the en- 
larged uterus upon the stomach. 

Derangement of Appetite. — The same sympa- 
thetic relation existing between uterus and stomach, 
which causes vomiting, will cause want of appetite, 
water-brash, indigestion, aversion to food, and that 
capricious appetite for coffee, chalk, starch, slate and 
many other absurd things. 

The appetite may become excessive and even vo- 
racious, but this indicates a diseased stomach. It is 
a serious mistake to attempt to satisfy this greediness 
under the supposition that the mother must eat for 
two, nature from the beginning stops a great drain. 

A good appetite should be satisfied, but a voracious 
one should be allayed by light food in small quantities 
taken often. 

In loss of appetite it is useless to force the patient 
to eat. The appetite should be tempted; take beef 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 85 

juice, calfs-foot jellies, eggs, cream, etc., in small 
quantities. 

Keep in the open air and take gentle exercise. 

For water- brash, Vichy water, or water acidulated 
with lemon juice, will be found very useful. 

Diet. — This should consist of wholesome articles, 
such as beef, mutton, lamb, fowl, game, etc. 

No ices should be taken on a full stomach, as heat 
acts an important part in digestion. Tea and coffee 
should be used moderately. 

Constipation. — Is a disorder that usually accom- 
panies pregnancy. Women who were never before of 
a costive habit may become so now. Every person 
should have a free, soluble evacuation every day, and 
during pregnancy not a single day should constipation 
be allowed. 

It may be due to the increased action of the womb ; 
partly to the mechanical pressure which the womb in 
its enlarged condition has upon the rectum, or errors 
in diet, overtaxed brains, want of exercise, use of 
cathartics and errors in dress. 

Treatment. — Ascertain the cause and remove it. 

Observe the law of regularity. 

Go to stool regularly. 

With some a glass of cold water, drank before break- 
fast and on retiring, will suffice. 

If necessary take an enema. 

Some will find relief by eating an apple or an orange 
before breakfast. 



36 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Do not take a cathartic without the advise of your 
physician. If one can take it, a tablespoonful of 
caster oil, will prove a mild and efficacious purgative. 
It can be taken if put in coffee or lemon juice. 

Diarrhcea. — This is often the sequence of consti- 
pation; if it does not last more than a day or two, do 
not interfere ; if it be obstinate, it must receive at- 
tention. 

Treatment. — Eemain quiet, avoid acid fruits, coarse 
food and vegetables. 

A hot- water enema. 

Flatulence and Colic. — The former is usually the 
cause of the latter. 

Wind-colic, as it is commonly ealled, will often 
cause the most intense agony. 

Weak digestion and constipation give rise to it. 

Treatment. — The diet should be of the most digesti- 
ble kind, and the food well masticated. 

Acid fruits and vegetables increase it. Eat moder- 
ately, rather often and little at a time. 

A glass of warm water or a warm enema will relieve. 

Toothache. — During the early months of preg- 
nancy, most women are troubled by this dreadful 
bugbear. If diseased, a dentist should \>e consulted. 

We do not advise the pulling of teeth during this 
state. 

Liver-Spots. — Often during pregnancy brown, 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 37 

dingy stains appear on the cheeks and forehead which 
greatly disfigure and annoy the patient. 

They are purely pigmentary and can be removed by 
external treatment. 

Subcarbonate of soda, one drachm, to one ounce of 
simple cerate, and this applied to the spots on going 
to bed, and washed off in the morning, will be found 
all that is necessary. 

Jaundice. — This may be caused by a cold, con- 
gestion of the liver, mental emotions, and during the 
latter months of pregnancy from pressure of the womb 
obstructing the bile-ducts. 

Jaundice will produce nausea and malaise. The 
skin assumes a greenish-yellow hue, and it is also 
perceptible in the white of the eye. 

The face may become a clayish color; and the 
urine oft-times becomes so dark that it frightens the 
patient. 

Treatment. — Champagne, one tablespoonful taken 
several times a day, will allay the nausea. 

If there is any complications, consult your phy- 
sician. 

Pruritus (Itching). — This is a most distressing and 
troublesome disease, affecting not only females during 
pregnancy, but those of all ages. It may be so severe 
as to deprive the sufferer of any sleep or rest. It 
occurs ofttimes without any known cause. Want of 
cleanliness will cause it, and during pregnancy, it may 
be due to some discharges from the vagina of an acrid 
nature. 



88 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Treatment. — The parts should be washed two or three 
times a day in warm water, to which a few drops of 
carbolic acid has been added. Cloths wet in borax 
water and applied will relieve. 

An injection of warm water to which has been added 
one teaspoonful of hydrastis will relieve when all else 
fails. 

Or another lotion prepared as follows and applied 
upon absorbent cotton : 

Tincture Lobelia 

Tincture Benzoin, aa dr. ij. 

Alcohol 

Glycerine, aa oz. j. 

Add the benzoin last. 

Leucorrhcea. — A milky, greenish, watery discharge, 
usually the result of some inflammation. 

It is not a disease, but a symptom, usually over- 
come by an injection of warm water to which has been 
added a few drops of carbolic acid. 

One of the best remedial agents is to saturate cotton 
with boro-glycerine and this placed in the vagina 
every four hours. 

Palpitation of the Heart.— Women of nervous 
temperments, and those who are weak, are most liable 
to this. 

The principal causes are mental disturbances, dis- 
ordered stomach and bowels, and the motion of the 
child. 

Although extremely distressing, it is rarely danger- 
ous. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 39 

The cause should be ascertained; if induced by in- 
digestion, sour stomach, etc., the diet should be at- 
tended to. 

Treatment. — If a recumbent position is taken, it 
will subside. 

Smelling salts of ammonia, or a teaspoonful of 
brandy will relieve. 

Hemorrhoids (Piles). — They are caused, in preg- 
nancy, by pressure upon the rectum. 

Treatment. — Hot water enema, or a cold compress. 
Or the following applied externally : 

Fl. Ex. Hamameli's dr. ij. 

Linseed oil oz. ij. 

M. Sig. — Apply two or three times a day. 

Swelling of the Limbs. — Caused by a sluggish 
circulation, can usually be overcome by bathing the 
limbs in cold water. 

Insomnia (Sleeplessness). — This is the result of re- 
flex nervous action from stomach or uterus. 

The mind should be diverted by counting, planning 
for the future, etc. 

Bathe the feet and legs in warm water, and apply 
sponge or towel, wet in cold water, to the nape of 
neck. 

Headache. — Principal causes are uterine inflam- 
mation, or derangement in digestion, or both. 

A hot sitz-bath and hot fomentations applied to the 
back of the neck, w r ith carefulness in diet, will relieve, 
no matter what the cause. 



40 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Varicose Veins. — An enlargement of the veins, in 
appearance like knotted cord, is what is termed vari- 
cose ; caused in pregnancy by the womb pressing on 
the trunk of the large veins, thereby impeding the 
flow of the venous blood upward. 

Treatment. — Place a teaspoonful of the tincture of 
Hamamelis in one pint of warm water. Bathe the 
limbs with this solution night and morning. 

If possible have an india-rubber stocking, but if this 
is impossible bandage the limb from the toe upward 
beyond the seat of difficulty. 



CHAPTER V. 



HYGIENE OF PREGNANCY. 

Knowing that much of baby's fate, more especially 
the state of nerve and brain, depends upon the con- 
dition of the mother previous to its birth and to the 
year that follows, if it depends upon her for sus- 
tinance, hence it is of vital importance that you so 
govern yourself that your offspring should be mentally 
and physically all that constitutes a perfect being. 
Do not at this time allow any pride in your appear- 
ance to govern you that will result in any malformation 
of your child. We do not advise a careless, untidy 
appearance ; your clothing should be adapted to your 
changing figure. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 41 

Women during this period can be most facinating 
in appearance and yet be most comfortably attired. 

The dress should cause no restriction to respiration, 
no interference to digestion, no obstruction to cir- 
culation, and there should be no interference to the 
development and elevation of the uterus. Tight-lacing 
is a curse to womankind and robs motherhood of its 
divinest joys. 

Women through pride and ignorance make the two 
hundred and eighty days of pregnancy those of disease 
and suffering, the time one long nightmare of dire 
forebodings, and childbirth looked upon as a curse and 
not a blessing. Any garment which causes undue 
pressure to the abdominal walls, is liable to cause 
dangerous confinement and slow recoveries, and, as a 
result, have an abdominal deformity which the most 
skillful bandaging cannot obliterate. I do not advise 
the wearing of corsets, not even the "so-called preg- 
nancy corsets." However loose they may be they 
compress the breasts, press upon the diaphragm, dis- 
place the intestines, compress the liver and stomach, 
and this causes endless discomfort. I would, however, 
advise the wearing of an abdominal support. 

We consider the Bates waist the most practical, it 
is a perfect substitute for corset and corset cover, from 
it all the other garments can be suspended. 

No garters should be worn fastened around the limbs 
as their pressure upon the bloodvessels may cause 
varicose veins. The proper and safe thing to do is to 
suspend them from the waist, or pin with safety-pins 
to the drawers. 



42 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Kegarding the shoes we would advise the "common 
sense/ 5 as in these the soles are as wide as the upper, 
therefore cause no undue pressure upon the nerves 
and bloodvessels, thereby affording comfort and 
safety. 

Bathing. — Frequent bathing during pregnancy is 
of great value. 

The process of nutrition and waste are more active 
in the pregnant women. Consequently she can bathe 
with advantage more frequently. 

Sponge or Towel Bath. — This gives life and vitality 
and should consume not more than two minutes, and 
should be taken immediately after rising in the 
morning. The colder the w r ater the better; at first 
bathe only the upper part of the body, later you can 
venture upon the whole surface. 

This should be followed by deep respirations and 
brisk rubbing. If after repeated trials you are un- 
comfortable after its use, it is conclusive you cannot 
stand it, and should abolish its use. 

Sitz-Bath. — This is one of the most desirable. 
When one has not a regular tub, an ordinary wash- 
tub can be made to answer by elevating one side of it 
on a block of wood. The temperature of the water 
should be about 90° F., gradually lowering the tem- 
perature till during the latter months it reaches 60° F. 
Place upon the back of the neck a sponge or napkin 
wrung from cold water. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 43 

The best time for taking this bath is between ten 
and twelve o'clock in the morning. 

Remain in it about eight minutes. It is well to rest 
for half an hour after. If this cannot be taken in the 
morning it would be well to defer the bath, taking it 
just before retiring; without rest, more than half of 
its value is lost. 

You should take one of these baths every day. 

It will ofttimes be found a panacea for insomnia, 
nausea, nervousness, etc. 

Turkish Bath. — In the use of this, it is claimed by 
many, that they have obtained most excellent results, 
however we would advise and perfer the sitz-bath. 

Sea Bathing. — For all those who are so situated 
we would advise a sea bath, we have known most 
beneficial results therefrom. 

They should be taken when the sea is calm and 
warm and never last more than five minutes. 

Exercise. — Since motion is a law of nature we can- 
not too strongly advocate moderate exercise for the 
pregnant woman; passive exercise is not sufficient, it 
must be active, but moderately so. 

Violent exercise, such as rowing, horseback riding, 
dancing or difficult games, should not be indulged in. 

The pregnant woman should go out daily, either on 
foot or in carriage, to remain in close, heated rooms 
will bring disease ; without exercise the food cannot 
assimilate, the muscles loose their tone and power, the 
nervous system becomes prostrated. 



44 M0THEE AND CHILD. 

The time passed out-of-doors should be for diversion 
and exercise, and care should be taken that it be not 
prolonged to cause fatigue. 

Journeys should not be taken ; when traveling is de- 
sired or demanded, let the departure and return be 
made to correspond with the meantime between two 
menstrual epochs. 

Journeys are particularly dangerous during early 
pregnancy and should only be permitted between four 
and a half or fifth months and the seventh and a half 
month. 

There is no better exercise than the light duties 
around the house. Housework calls into play every 
set of muscles. 

The pregnant woman should be as active as possible 
and allow no simple feeling of lassitude or disinclina- 
tion to lead her into habits of invalids. 

Diet. — Proper food during pregnancy will not only 
give health and strength to the mother, but will aid in 
the normal development and give life and health to 
the child. 

All foods taken should be those needed to build up 
the worn and wasted tissue, instead, as is often the 
case, taken because demanded by a perverted and 
capricious appetite. 

The diet should be plain and nourishing. There 
are those who, at this time, crave food which would 
be injurious to both mother and child. It is impossible 
to lay down absolute rules for the diet. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 45 

All highly-seasoned foods, liquors and strong tea 
and coffee should be avoided. 

For a woman who is well, and whose digestion is 
good, we advise meat juice, tonics, etc. Fats and 
sweets should be taken of sparingly. 

We advise the cereals, plenty of milk, fruit, both 
fresh and cooked, and fresh vegetables. If necessary 
increase the number of meals but make them less 
bountiful. As elsewhere stated, during the early 
months of pregnancy, there is no necessity for extra 
nourishment, the stomach is at this time weak and 
affected and should not be overtaxed, and since the 
unborn at this pre-natal period is most susceptible to 
the mother's tendencies, gluttony should be carefully 
guarded against. The queer fancies which sometimes 
fasten themselves upon the appetite of a pregnant 
woman, should be gratified when reasonable and not 
injurious. Common sense should be the mother's 
guide. The prudent and loving woman will forget her 
own desires and appetite and general inclination in 
consideration of the expected babe's health. 

To be well-born is the birth-right of every child. 



46 MOTHER AND CHILD. 



CHAPTER VI. 



PREPARATION FOR LABOR. 

The prospective mother should have everything in 
readiness for this trying ordeal and thus avoid excite- 
ment and hurry when all should be conducive to quiet 
and confidence. 

The room should be spacious and well ventilated, 
removed from the noise of the street and house, with 
a southern exposure if possible; let it contain only 
necessary articles of furniture. 

The bed should be in good order. The mattress of 
hair or cotton. Feather beds are an abomination and 
should never be used. The sheets should be of cotton. 

Preparation of the Bed. — Cover the mattress, 
from the waist down, with a piece of rubber sheeting 
or table oilcloth; over it place a sheet. Now take a 
sheet and fold it lengthwise and place it across the 
centre of the bed. 

On top of this and on the right side of the bed place 
a small rubber sheet a yard and a quarter square; 
take another sheet and fold it four square to pin 
around the mother's waist when labor sets in. With 
the above preparation there is no occasion for the 
soiling of more than the sheet about the mother's 
waist* 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 47 

Articles Needed During Labor. — One yard of 
white tape, about one-eight of an inch wide, to tie the 
cord. 

A pair of blunt-pointed scissors, a paper of large- 
size safety-pins. 

A square yard of flannel or some material to envelop 
the child. 

A bandage for the mother and plenty of hot water, 
towels, napkins, soap, and a vessel under the bed for 
the reception of the after -birth. 

There is a great deal of hair-splitting among phy- 
sicians about the bandage, some assuming that the 
patients do better without it, however we would recom- 
mend its use. 

The bracing- up of the collapsed abdomen gives such 
a feeling of comfort and enables the mother to move 
about without feeling that she is falling to pieces. If 
the bandage is put on snugly, with no undue pressure 
so as to obstruct the circulation, none of the far-fetched 
maladies will result from its use. 



48 MOTHER AND CHILD. 



CHAPTER VII. 



PREMONITORY SIGNS OF LABOR. 

About two weeks previous to labor the uterus settles, 
giving greater freedom of respiration and causing a 
frequent desire to urinate. 

A few days previous to labor there is a mucous dis- 
charge which is called " the show." 

Parturition or Labor. — This is the inevitable and 
physiological consequence of pregnancy. 

The location and character of the pains will vary 
with the stages of labor, as well as with the woman's 
peculiarities. There are three distinct stages of labor 
each characterized by its own peculiar phenomena. 

First Stage. — This is virtually the preparatory stage 
during which the pains operate to open up the mouth 
of the womb. The pains are severe and grinding. 

It is much better for the patient to keep out of bed 
during this stage which ends with the rupture of the 
sack of water and the dilatation of the mouth of the 
womb. 

Let the conversation be cheerful and foreign to the 
occasion. The physician requires but one attendent 
beside the husband. 

Keep out officious women whose services are not 
needed. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 49 

Before the commencement of the second stage let 
the patient's clothes be adjusted so that they need not 
be soiled. Fold them back loosely, and fasten the 
sheet previously spoken of about the waist. 

Take an enema and move the bowels as soon as 
labor sets in. 

Second Stage. — This is the stage of propulsion, during 
which the child journeys through the pelvis and 
emerges at the vulva. 

The pains are really more painful, but the conscious- 
ness that they are accomplishing something seems to 
infuse both strength and courage. 

The straining efforts are, in a measure, under the 
woman's control. 

They are intensified by the inflation of her lungs 
and forcible retention of her breath, while on the other 
hand, by opening the mouth and giving vent to her 
feelings, the abdominal muscles are relaxed and the 
straining efforts modified. 

These expulsive efforts continuing, the child is finally 
born, following which there is an outpouring of a 
watery fluid. The pains then cease, and the relief ex- 
perienced by the woman is most delicious. 

When the child is born and it breathes, place it on 
its right side ; as soon as the cord ceases pulsating tie 
it with the tape previously mentioned, about one and 
one-half inches from the navel, tie it again about two 
inches distant and cut between them. While waiting 
for the cord to cease pulsating, let the child be 
thoroughly oiled, now let it be wrapped in a receiving 
blanket and given to its nurse. 



50 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Third Stage. — This is the separation and expulsion 
of the after-birth. 

Thus ends the long months of anticipations, doubts, 
and fears. To us a child is born, and our hearts are 
filled to overflowing. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



INFANTS; THEIR BIRTH AND CARE. 

Woman is the re-creator, the nurse of mankind. 

A tiny helpless babe is born, a human soul with life 
stretching out before it, and the mother's mission is to 
love and administer to its helplessness ; to prepare it 
for life's busy mart. 

The first thing to be done after the baby's head is 
born, is to free the eyes and mouth of all mucus, 
which is best done by a piece of absorbent cotten or 
a piece of soft linen wrapped around the finger of the 
attendant, and the mouth and eyes carefully cleansed. 

The trunk or body being born, place the child on 
the right side, and tie the cord as previously directed. 

Next in order will be its bath, which is best given 
with some oily substance, as w r ater will not remove 
the "vernix caseosa" which covers the little cherub. 

If lard is used it should be fresh and warm. 

We prefer olive or sweet oil, of which there should 
be about four ounces. Cover the entire surface with 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 51 

it, after which wrap in a receiving blanket and lay it 
on its right side, in a warm place for a few minutes. 

Attentions to the Mother. — Do not expose her 
to the air unnecessarily, as a chill might result. Do 
not allow her to help herself. 

Gently draw from under her all soiled garments. 

Carefully adjust the bandage, and pin it snugly 
around her, pull down her nightdress and apply a soft 
napkin to the vulva. Should the parts be sore and 
bruised bathe with tepid water, medicate it with 
tincture of arnica — one tablespoonful to a quart of 
water. 

To overcome chilliness, cover her w r ell and give her 
a little warm tea. Being made comfortable she should 
be left quiet and allowed a little sleep, from which she 
will awaken much refreshed. 

Dressing the Child. — See that the temperature of 
the room is about 85°. Take the child, exposing only 
a part of it, and with some absorbent cotton or soft 
linen, remove the oil, which will bring with it the 
caseous substance covering the little one. Eemove it 
thoroughly from the groin and axilla where it is most 
abundant, the skin will be left soft and smooth. 
Bathing with water is objectionable as there is great 
danger of the child being chilled, and water will not 
cleanse. 

Umbilical Cord. — Take a piece of absorbent cotton 
six inches square, in one end cut a hole large enough 
to pass the cord through, through this pass the cord 



52 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

with the end pointing toward the child's head, then 
fold the cotton on the cord. Over this the bandage 
should be applied which should be of flannel, and only 
snug enough to keep the cotton in place. 

Do not disturb this dressing until the string comes 
off, which will be in four or five days, after which 
dress it with a simple cerate or cosmoline. 

Pouching of the Navel. — Should this occur it can 
be relieved by using a thin piece of cork or paste-board 
about two inches in diameter, cover it with several 
thickness of linen and place it outside of the cotton 
over the navel, pin the bandage so as to keep this in 
place. 

The band should not be worn after the navel has 
been healed. Some years ago it was deemed essential 
to have the baby wear the bandage for six or eight 
months, supposing it would prevent rupture. Mothers 
will testify to the impossibility of keeping the band in 
place, it is usually found beneath the arms or down 
over the hips, and if it were kept in place the pressure 
would weaken the muscles of the abdomen rendering 
rupture more liable. Its only use is to keep the um- 
bilical dressing in place, and when that is no longer 
necessary the child is better off without. 

Clothing. — The clothing should be warm, light, 
loose and easily adjusted. 

The diaper should not be too thick or coarse, as it 
will keep the limbs too widely separated. Small 
squares of old linen should be placed inside of the 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 53 

diaper the first few days, as the skin is very tender; 
these need not be washed as it will be found impossible 
to remove the stain from the diaper of the first few 
passages. 

The shirt will be found most difficult of adjustment, 
and should open all the way down in front. 

The knit shirts are most preferable. 

Pinxing-Blankets. — These are used night and day, 
for the first few weeks, for keeping the baby's feet 
and limbs warm, and are then discarded for a more 
ample petticoat. 

Petticoat. — After the pinning-blanket is arranged, 
the petticoat should be pla< be babe. 

Dress or Slip. — This should be high in the neck 
and with long 

Socks. — If the weather is cold the baby should wear 
socks from the first, bould not be 

long enough to hamper the use of the tiny feet, and 
by these little socks the feet will be kept warm. 

Presentation of tiie Child to the Mother. — The 
child is dressed, the mother has had a rest, it should 
then be presented to its mother. 

The mother should then tender the babe the breast. 
This first flow of milk is a natural laxative and assists 
to clear its bowels of the meconium. 

If the mother is strong the child may be allowed to 
draw from the nipple for about five minutes. 

If the baby cries after this, acting as if hungry, a 
few teaspoonfuls of warm sweetened water may be 
given it. 



54 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Keep the room darkened and do not turn the baby's 
eyes to the light. 

Bathing the Baby. — See that the temperature of 
the room is never less than 75°, that of the water 
90° F. Never trust the hand to ascertain the temper- 
ature of the water, always test it with a thermoneter. 

The first week of the baby's life, it should not be 
stripped and washed all over, it is too fatiguing. 

It can be kept sweet and clean by cleansing it part 
by part. 

After it is a week old, it can be bathed every day or 
every other day. 

At two months' disrobe it and place it in its bath tub 
every day. Do not keep it in the water more than 
five minutes at a time. 

Never bathe it immediately after nursing. 

Avoid the use of soap ; preserve the oiliness of the 
skin — this cannot be done if soap is constantly used. 

If the baby is not strong an oil or alcohol bath, 
given two or three times a week, will be found of great 
benefit. In giving an oil bath, place in the palm of 
the hand a small quantity of oil, and thoroughly rub 
the child. 

In alcohol baths 1 prefer the same method, placing 
in the hand a small quantity of dilute alcohol and 
gently rubbing over the babe. 

Baby's bath will soon be loved by the little one. 

If it takes a nap in the morning give it the bath 
immediately before its nap. It will sleep sweetly and 
awaken refreshed. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 55 

A restless child can often be quieted and put to 
sleep by giving it a quick warm bath. 

Cleanliness. — A dirty child is an annoyance to 
both mother and friends, and yet the fault lies in the 
attendant. 

Teach the little one to be cleanly ; every child can 
be taught from its earliest infancy habits of cleanliness 
and the great comfort secured to mother and babe 
will more than repay for the labor and patience re- 
quired in securing them. 

The clumsy diaper of the child can be dispensed 
with when the babe is three or four month's old. 

After each nursing remove the napkin and hold the 
babe out, and by this it will soon learn to urinate at 
this time. 

Also at a stated time each morning and evening 
hold it out and it will soon learn to have a passage 
from the bowels at this time. 

A mother will never regret taking a little time and 
trouble at the beginning and by so doing establish 
habits of regularity and cleanliness in the little one. 

Baby's feet should be uncovered several times a day, 
when near the fire, and the little one allowed to stretch 
its tiny legs to its heart's content. 

Nursing. — No animal refuses to nurse its young, 
it is only among the human species that we find 
mothers cruel enough to deprive the new-born infant 
of its natural food. 

If this is done from willful neglect or indifference, 



56 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

the mother may be compelled to pay dearly for this 
violation of nature's law. Every true mother will de- 
light in nursing her child, and she should allow nothing 
but the most entire inability to prevent the exercise 
of this maternal office. 

The mother's milk is the natural food, and nothing 
can ever take its place. Every means should be used 
to secure and maintain this natural nutriment, before 
resorting to artificial food. Infantile food must con- 
tain all the material for the formation of all the or- 
ganic tissues. 

Maternal milk fills all the requirments. True there 
are rare cases in which mothers should not attempt to 
nurse her offspring, and there are conditions which 
even impose upon her the obligation of abstaining from 
it. Such as abscesses of the breasts, bad quality of 
the milk, hepatic and syphilitic affections, any severe 
nervous trouble, such as hysteria or epilepsy, in which 
the milk would favor the transmission to the child. 
Pulmonary phthisis or an enfeebled constitution, in 
these cases it is better to resort to a wet nurse or 
artificial feeding. 

Since women's milk is the natural food for a child, 
whenever it is decided that the mother cannot nurse 
the child, the breast of a healthy woman should be 
secured if possible, to fulfill the laws of nature. 

No mother should employ a wet-nurse without having 
her examined and endorsed by a physician. 

Although beauty should not be an indisputable 
attribute, yet she should have a pleasant face, should 
be in perfect health, between the ages of twenty-five 



MOTHER AND CHILD, 57 

and thirty years and should have been confined at or 
about the time of the mother. 

Since the moral as well as the physical condition of 
the nurse will influence the infant, she should be free 
from all vices and pernicious habits. 

She should be cleanly in her person and moderate 
in her eating and drinking. 

Careful inquiry should be made concerning her 
family to ascertain if any of its members have suf- 
fered from any hereditary disease. 

She should be able to suckle from both breasts. 

Unless you can secure all that is desirable in a 
nurse, we would strongly advise artificial feeding. 



CHAPTER IX. 



ARTIFICIAL FOOD. 

The mortality of infants is much greater among those 
who are artificially fed than among those who are 
nursed from the human breast. This being true, it 
is necessary that we be guarded in the selection of a 
food that is best adapted to its infant wants. It must 
be remembered that each baby is a law unto itself. 

It is claimed by many that the best substitute is 
cow's milk, but there are many points to be con- 
sidered before this is decided upon. 

It 1 is important that it be taken from one cow, which 
should be fresh or nearly so. 



58 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

The first milk drawn is the best, it is not so rich 
and needs no diluting, 

Should rich milk be used it must be diluted, the de- 
gree of dilution must vary according to the age of the 
infant. 

For the first two months, to the milk should be added 
an equal quantity of water. 

From the second to the sixth month it should be 
one-third w T ater and two-thirds milk. After the sixth 
month the child may have it pure. One teaspoonful 
of sugar of milk should be added to each nursing, also 
a tiny pinch of salt. The temperature of the milk in 
feeding should be from 90° to 95° F. To prevent 
burning, in heating, the bottle containing the milk 
prepared for use, should be placed in a can contain- 
ing warm water, and there left till it has acquired the 
proper temperature, which can only be determined by 
the use of a thermometer : 

The following directions for the care of milk is of 
utmost importance : 

Never boil the- milk, only scald. 

All pans and other utensils which contain the milk 
should be scalded, scoured and rinsed with clean water 
and dried. 

All milk should be sterilized, thus all germs will be 
destroyed. A simple apparatus may be made as fol- 
lows and will answer the purpose of the expensive 
patented affairs : 

Take a tin pail and invert a tin pie-plate in which 
a number of holes have been perforated, or have made 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 59 

a movable false bottom perforated with holes and 
having legs half an inch high to allow circulation of 
water. The milk bottles are set on this false bottom 
and sufficient water is put into the pail to reach the 
level of the surface of the milk in the bottles. 

A hole should be punched in the cover of the pail, 
a cork inserted and a thermometer put through the 
cork so that the bulb dips into the water, the tempera- 
ture can thus be watched without removing the cover. 

The milk may be put in the nursing bottles to be 
sterilized or a small fruit jar loosely covered. If the 
nursing bottles are used let them be corked with ab- 
sorbent cotton or other clean material. 

All in readiness place the pail containing the bottled 
milk on the stove or range until the water reaches a 
temperature of 155° F., when it is removed from the 
heat and kept tightly covered for half an hour. The 
milk bottles are then taken out and kept in a cool 
place. The milk thus prepared should be used within 
twenty-four hours. 

Do not raise the temperature above 155° F., other- 
wise the taste and quality of the milk will be impaired. 

If cow's milk cannot be obtained we must then 
resort to one of the many foods or condensed milks. 

If condensed milk is used, take one teaspoonful of 
the milk to every two ounces of water, to which add a 
little salt. Many physicians of extensive practice 
claim to have the best results from feeding the child 
Horlicks' Malted Milk, prepared as directed on each 
package. And our experience is such that we heartily 
endorse this preparation. 



00 MOTHEft AND CHILD. 

There are numerous other foods upon the market 
but we are confident one of those previously mentioned 
will be just what your baby needs. 

Nursing Bottle. — Use only the straight-neck bottle, 
a graduated one will enable you to prepare definitely 
the quantity. 

Those bottles containing the rubber or glass tube 
are a curse, and many a little mound in the cemetery 
speaks against their use. They were invented for the 
use of lazy people. Should these tubes be opened 
and placed under a powerful magnifying glass every 
one of them would be found to be inhabited. 

The bottle should be kept scrupulously clean ; two 
bottles should be kept in use, as soon as the baby has 
taken all it desires, throw away all that remains in 
the bottle and wash the bottle with hot suds. Scald 
with clean water, after which place them in a basin of 
clean cold water in which a little bicarbonate of soda 
has been placed, after soaking the bottle in this for 
half an hour remove it and rinse in clean water, let it 
dry by hanging it inverted on a peg. Before using it 
rinse it with clean cold water. 

Nipple. — Use only the black rubber as, the white 
contains carbonate of lead, which is slow but sure 
poison. The plain thimble-sh&ipedL are the best, as 
they can be turned wrong side out and thoroughly 
cleansed. 

Feeding. — If the baby be placed to the breast 
every time it cries its health will be ruined. Be care- 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 



61 



ful not to overfeed, more children suffer from over- 
feeding than from the effects of too little. 

Always hold the child while it is nursing, do not 
bounce it after feeding, let it lie quiet for at least half 
an hour after feeding or it may vomit. 

The time required for a baby to nurse is about 
twenty minutes. 

The baby's mouth should be washed after nursing. 
The following table as to time and quantity for baby's 
nursing will be found of value if closely followed. 







Number of 


Average 


Average 


Age. 


feeding. 


feedings in 


amount at each 


amount in 




24 hours. 


feeding. 


24 hours 


1st week, 


2 hours. 


10 times. 


I ounce. 


io ounces. 


ist to 6th week, 


2% " 


8 " 


1)4-2 " 


12-16 " 


6th to 1 2th week 1 
or up to 6 mos. J 


3 


6 « 


3-4 " 


18-24 " 


6 months, 


3 


6 " 


6 


36 


io months, 


3 


5 " 


8 


40 " 



The baby should be given a teaspoonful of water 
frequently during a day, for they, like the adult, get 
thirsty. 



62 MOTHER AND CHILD. 



CHAPTER X. 



BABY'S REGIME. 

Sleep. — For a few weeks after birth the baby should 
sleep most of the time, awaking only to nurse. As 
they grow older they will sleep less until they only 
take regular naps, finally they will sleep only during 
the night and two or three hours during the day. Do 
not awaken it to feed it or to please some one who is 
desirous of seeing it. Habits are quickly formed and 
disturbing a very young babe w T hen it desires to sleep 
may be the makings of a cross and wakeful one later 
on. Do not rock the baby to sleep. When time for its 
sleep place it in its bed while awake, it will soon get in 
the habit of going to sleep and thus save you an 
amount of trouble. Always place it on its side for 
sleeping, if placed upon its back while young regurgi- 
tation of food may occur, causing choking and suffo- 
cation. Often when a baby awakens and cries if the 
attendant will turn it on its other side it will then 
finish its nap. Always have its sleeping quartes well 
aired ; the sunlight should never be excluded from the 
baby's sleeping room, except when the little one takes 
its midday nap. Never, except in case of illness that 
affects the child's eyes, bar out the light of day; 
place the bed so that the sunlight does not strike the 
face of the little one, or place a screen so as to inter- 
cept the direct rays of light. 



I 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 63 

Air and Exercise. — You might as well deprive 
baby of its food as to deprive it of fresh air. It should 
live and sleep in a large sunny room in the daytime. 

At the age of three weeks it should be well wrapped 
and carried out in the air for a short time every day 
unless it storms or is very windy. In winter, the middle 
of the day is the best time ; in summer, morning and 
evening. 

It should never be out when the dew falls. When 
it cannot be taken out of doors it should be warmly 
wrapped and carried twice each day, for about half an 
hour, up and down a room, the windows of which have 
been thrown open. 

In this way it will get fresh air into its little lungs, 
which is absolutely necessary to a healthy existence. 
The practice of taking baby out in its coach in very 
cold weather is very harmful. Men and women do 
not enjoy driving on a cold winter's day — what must 
be the suffering of the sensitive little one who can 
give no warning? Be sure of the honesty of the 
nurse. Order that while out with the child she should 
enter nobody's house, nor loiter upon the street talking 
to some friend. 

Order that nothing shall enter the child's mouth 
while out. It should be brought home in time for 
nursing. 

Creeping and Walking. — Many mothers object to 
their babe creeping, because if they allow it the baby 
is always unpresentable and untidy. Some restrain 
it because its little hands would become soiled. None 



64 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

of these things should be allowed to interfere with this 
natural opportunity for developing baby's muscles. 

Many being anxious to see the little one walk assist 
and urge the child too soon to stand and walk. By 
thus being taught and allowed to use their limbs pre- 
maturely — to learn to walk before creeping — many 
have been deformed for life. It is natural for a child 
to creep, hence it is right, for nature uninfluenced 
never makes mistakes. A mother should not forbid 
but encourage creeping. The growth of the human 
frame can be compared to the rearing of some mag- 
nificent architectural structure, the omission of a 
single stone or brace at its foundation mars its 
beauty, affects its solidity and durability. So, too, 
with the babe taught too soon to walk, bandy legs, 
etc., may be the result. The deformity is caused by 
the bones being deficient in earthy matter which 
causes them to bend. 

It may be necessary to urge a child to creep, but 
never to walk. 

Cries of Babies — Are those of want, hunger, dis- 
comfort, or pain. 

The first duty is to discover the cause. 

Those of hunger can usually be determined by re- 
calling the length of time that has elapsed since its 
last feeding. 

It cannot be judged that by giving it the breast 
quiets it. If it has colic, the cries are fierce and it 
sheds tears, and usually draws the knees upward to 
the stomach, If it sleeps lightly and awakens with a 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 65 

shriek accompanied by no tears, the trouble is usually 
with the head, ofttimes the discomfort is caused by 
the pricking of a pin or some disarrangement of its 
clothes or bed, which when adjusted will quiet the 
child. 

Weaning — The period of weaning is ofttimes a diffi- 
cult one, especially if entered upon at an improper 
time or without proper preparation. 

The period varies according to circumstances. 
Often some weakness or malady of the mother compels 
her to wean it at unseasonable times. Whenever 
everything is normal the dentition of the child should 
be the only guide. Where there is nothing demanding 
an earlier weaning it should be begun when it is nine 
months old, at which period it usually has several teeth. 

It should not begin until it has cut two or more 
teeth. Never wean in summer time — begin when the 
child is strong and well. Select a time of year when 
the weather is moderate — March, April, May, or Oc- 
tober and November. The preparatory steps toward 
weaning are giving the breasts at longer intervals, 
feeding it soft spoon-vituals, such as arrow root, sago, 
crackers soaked in milk, etc. Once started on the 
weaning process be firm and unrelenting, take no 
backward steps, better wean gradually, occupying in 
the task ten or twelve days. A little salt on the nipples 
will oft excite an aversion to them. After weaning 
do not overtax the child's stomach, give it food at 
regular intervals, give it a drink of water or milk 
before going to bed, but no solid food. 



66 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Their Diet — may consist of meat in very moderate 
quantities, chickens and poached eggs. Never give 
fried or boiled potatoes — baked are the best. Give 
them good milk. Tea and coffee are stimulating and 
interfere with sleep. 

The best bread is unleavened wheaten grits, well 
boiled, eaten with cream and sugar, is one of the best 
diets. Eipe fruits are especially beneficial; cakes 
being indigestible are injurious. 

Baby's Sleeping Apartments. — This should be the 
largest, coolest, airiest in the house and as far from 
the ground as possible. The room should be aired 
several times a day, taking the babe out. It would be 
better, if possible, to have the ceiling and walls 
painted as they are safe from contagion ; in all cases 
they may be kept sweet and clean by w T ashing with a 
carbolic acid solution. The child's bed should be fur- 
nished with a hair mattress and pillow — these are 
warm in winter cool in summer, and easily purified. 
Unlike feathers they give off no floating particles which 
gather into the lungs. If a hair bed is not possible 
the next best is one of corn husks. 

For baby's use there should also be a screen, unless 
the bed is so arranged that a screen is unnese&sary. 



MOTHER AND CHILD, 67 

CHAPTER XL 



BABY'S WARDROBE. 

What more beautiful than a young expectant mother 
bending over the tiny unworn garments lying in a per- 
fumed drawer ready for the little one's arrival ? How 
her heart goes out to it — what a tender, beautiful light 
steals over her face as she gazes upon them. Economy 
must sometimes be practiced in the making of them, but 
comfort must ever be provided. The wise mother will 
not, although she be the possessor of abundant means, 
lavish upon the expected one useless, needless garments, 
which means not only money but exhaustive work in the 
making or purchase of them. The material should be 
of the softest and finest, the style simple, the finish 
dainty. Long skirts are not only burdensome but 
injurious, weight is not warmth. 

Flannel should be of the softest texture, even if not 
so fine. Never select linen for any of baby's under- 
garments, as it imparts chilliness. 

Cotton, such as cambric or lawn, is far superior. 

While the mother must use her taste and judgment 
regarding quality and quantity of her baby's wardrobe, 
we feel that a few suggestions will be most acceptable. 

If lace is used let it be Valenciennes or torchon. 

The Bands— Should be of soft flannel, about four 
inches wide, and should never be hemmed. The little 



68 MOTHEE AND CHILD. 

one's skin is so soft and tender the folded edges will 
annoy it. 

The Nightdress. — Let them be of cotton and never 
starched, and not more than a yard in length. 

The Pinning Blanket. — These should be one yard 
in length, contain two widths of flannel. The seams 
of all flannel should be pressed open on the wrong 
side and feather stitched, the hems should also be 
feather stitched. 

The Petticoat — should be made of nainsook. 
These should be hemstitched. Instead of placing 
each petticoat upon a wide band it is better to make a 
single ordinary petticoat band and sew buttons along 
its lower edge. Make the petticoat with a belt band 
in which corresponding button holes are worked. In 
this way baby has less bulk about its body and can be 
more easily dressed and undressed. 

The Dresses. — These should be high in the neck, 
with yokes and have long, full sleeves. English nain- 
sook will be found; one of the best goods for babies' 
dresses. 

Christening robes are elegant made of china silk 
and should be forty inches long. 

Bath Wrapper — Should be made of tufted cotton, 
Turkish toweling, or heavy blanket flannel and may 
be plainly hemmed or bound with wash tape. 

House Sacks — Can be knitted or crochetted, cash- 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 69 

mere, or silk flannel. Buttonholed in scallops about 
the edges or bound are most elegant. 

The Socks — Should be of wool or silk, or wool and 
silk mixed. 

The Boots — Can be made of cloth, chamois, or felt, 
decorate them with feather stitching. 

Nothing but pure white should be used for all of 
baby's garments. 

Diapers. — Cotton diapering is the best. Wash and 
iron before cutting into napkins, and make them twice 
as long as their width. Make the hems by hand as 
machine hems are too stiff and harsh. 

Never dry napkins and use them again without wash- 
ing — this habit is productive of much misery to the 
child. It causes a burning and smarting of the sensi- 
tive flesh. Almost all chafing of an infant can be 
traced to the use of unwashed napkins or of fabrics 
from which soap has not been properly rinsed. 

All the child's clothing should be changed at night 
and such of its day garments as are to be worn again 
should be spread out and well aired. The child's 
clothing should be laundried twice each week. It is 
both unpleasant and unwholesome to allow the soiled 
garments to remain unlaundried for a longer period. 

Modest Wardrobe. — 

3 Wool shirts. 

4 Flannel bands. 

3 Pinning blankets. 



U Zm 



70 MOTHER AND CHILD, 

3 Flannel skirts. 
8 Cambric skirts. 

4 Simple slips. 
4 Day dresses. 
2 Wrappers. 

2 Sacks. 
4 Pair socks. 

2 Square blankets. 
1 Cloak. 

1 Cap and Veil. 

3 Dozen napkins. 

Elaborate Wardrobe. — 

6 Flannel bands. 
6 Cashmere shirts. 
6 Pinning blankets. 
6 Flannel skirts. 
6 Cambric skirts. 
6 Night slips, 
6 Dresses. 
6 Sacks. 
8 Pair socks. 

2 Flannel blankets. 
1 Cashmere blanket. 

3 Flannel wrappers. 

1 Shell hood. 

2 Cloaks. 

2 Caps and veils. 

4 Dozen napkins. 

And a handsomely trimmed and furnished baby 
basket. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 71 

Luxuries for Baby.— One of the accessories to 
baby's outfit is the baby basket. Swiss or mull with 
dainty edgings of valenciennes lace are the popular 
decorations. The two colors used in the decorations 
are blue or pink. Any woman can have a baby's 
basket even though she cannot buy the special foun- 
dation for it, as this can be made out of pasteboard. 
In every basket, whether made or purchased, should 
be placed the pow T der and puff, a Japanese bowl, with 
a division in the center to contain the sponge and 
cake of soap, squares of old linen for washcloths, one 
small brush for the hair, a pin cushion containing 
plenty of safety pins of assorted sizes. 



CHAPTER XII. 



DISEASES OF INFANTS. 

Children's diseases are only peculiar to them be- 
cause of the delicacy of their immature organs. Be- 
cause of this delicacy they are not inured to the attacks 
of certain diseases which reach them through con- 
tagion or infection. 

Children are at the mercy of their attendants, and 
should be by them carefully guarded and if possible 
kept from this infection. 

Pure air and sunlight will do much to ward off the 
attack of disease, which is fully demonstrated by 
thousands of little ones who, living in the hot, crowded 



72 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

cities in homes where the atmosphere is polluted, 
disease fastening her fangs upon them, but when 
carried into the country and allowed to breathe the 
pure air, fully recover. 

Pure oxygen is life ; vitiated air, misery and death. 
Mothers in large cities, where a trip to the country is 
impossible, can do much toward warding off disease 
and preserving the life and health of the babe. Keep 
it in the best room in the house. If necesssry, neglect 
some other duty and take it out in the early morning 
or after the midday heat has abated. Do not have it 
out in the intense heat of the day. If it be impossible 
to take it to a park, choose the quiet streets where the 
very stillness is conducive to tranquility. The trying 
days to the baby are those long summer ones, when 
the humidity of the atmosphere saps the vitality. 

No matter how fierce their thirst, how burdensome 
their wrappings, or acute their sufferings, there comes 
no appeal save their mute expression. When the heat 
is excessive a piece of linen or soft sponge wrung from 
luke warm water to which a few drops of vinegar has 
been added and this applied to the head, face, throat, 
hand and wrists and gently dried, will prove soothing 
and refreshing. 

Every home should be supplied with a medical ther- 
mometer and the mother able to take the temperature 
of the child. 

Pulse. — The pulse beat of a child till it is one year 
old is from 120 to 130 per minute, after which it 
gradually decreases. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 73 

During the second year it ranges from 100 to 115 
per minute. 

The pulse is only a wave of blood propelled by the 
heart, therefore anything affecting the emotions will 
affect the pulse. 

The best time to feel the pulse is when the child is 
sleeping. Never count it when crying or immedi- 
ately after eating. 

If it will not hold its hands quiet so the pulse can be 
counted at the wrist, it can be felt in the neck under 
the jaw. 

Temperature. — The normal temperature is about 
99° Fahrenheit. This is obtained by placing the bulb 
of the medical thermometer in the mouth under the 
tongue and retained three or four minutes with the 
lips closed. Where this is impossible place the ther- 
mometer under the arm keeping the arm close to the 
body. The most accurate temperature is obtained by 
placing the bulb in the rectum. 

Where the temperature exceeds 105° there is grave 
cause for alarm. 

Temperature below normal is dangerous. 

Eespiration. — This is from 30 to 40 per minute. 
A slight variation from normal condition, if not pro- 
longed, is not as a rule a serious matter, but if these 
abnormal conditions, however slight, remain for a 
longer period a physician should be summoned. 



74 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

SECTION I. 

SPECIFIC DISEASES OF INFANTS.— 
RUPTURES. 

Protrusion of the Navel (Umbilical hernia). — 
Sometimes caused by bad dressing, pulling at the cord 
during labor, or congenital weakness of the muscles 
of the abdomen. 

Treatment. — Eeduce it by gentle pressure with the 
finger on the navel. Take a piece of thin cork or 
pasteboard, about two inches in diameter, cover this 
well with old linen and place it over the pouching. 
Hold it in place by a suitable bandage. 

Inflammation of the Navel. — If this becomes in- 
flamed during the process of the formation after the 
separation of the cord, apply a piece of lint which has 
been dipped in a cold infusion of flaxseed or slippery 
elm. Where there is ulceration dip the lint in ca- 
lendula w T ater of the following strength : Tincture of 
'calendula fifteen drops to ten tablespoonfuls of water. 

Inflammation of the Eyes. — Caused by sudden ex- 
posure to strong light, uncleanliness, or scrofulous 
constitution. 

Treatment. — Keep the eyes clean. When they are 
inflamed, wash under the lids with camels'hair brush 
with warm milk and water. If of a severe type en- 
trust them to a skilled physician. 

Coryza or Snuffles. — Babies are ofttimes troubled 
with obstruction of the nostrils. This can ofttimes be 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 75 

overcome by a little warm milk placed in the nostrils. 
Should it be obstinate one pellet of nux vomica 3x, in 
three teaspoonfuls of water. Give half teaspoonful 
three or four times a day. This will be sufficient for 
a cure. 

Hiccoughs. — This is not a serious complaint but 
ofttimes very troublesome to infants. 

Treatment. — Give a few teaspoonfuls of cold water, 
wrap the baby up warmly andlhey will disappear. 

Falling of the Eectum. — This usually occurs after 
a long-lasting diarrhoea, or violent straining at stool. 

Treatment consists in gently replacing it. 



SECTION II. 

GASTRIC DERANGEMENTS. 

Thrush. — This is an inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the mouth, often extending to the 
stomach and intestines. The mouth and throat are 
covered by granular deposits which look like curdled 
milk. 

Symptoms. — Nursing is difficult, fever sets in, the 
child looses strength and flesh. When the intestines 
become affected a dangerous diarrhoea sets in which 
if not controlled will end the baby's life by exhaustion. 

Causes. — Want of cleanliness, foul air, indigestion, 
unwashed nipples, the using of sugar-teats, and con- 
tagion. 



76 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Treatment.— Wash the child's month after every 
nursing, and the nipples before and after each nursing. 

Wash the mouth gently several times a day with a 
linen rag dipped in cold water and apply, with a 
camels'hair brush to each of the granules, the follow- 
ing: 

Borax dr. j£. 

Glycerine dr. %. 

Water oz. j. 

M. Sig. Apply with camel'shair brush several times daily. 

Bromine 3d, ten drops in ten teapoonfuls of water. 
One teaspoonful every two hours. 

Colig. — This is not a dangerous disease, but one of 
intense suffering, usually due to some derangement of 
the liver. When the mother has been badly nourished 
the child is frequently born with it. May be due to a 
deficiency of nitrogenous elements and phosphate in 
the food. 

Treatment. — Keep the child warm. If severe, place 
a flannel wrung from hot water over the abdomen. 
In mild cases, a few teaspoonfuls of warm water will 
often alleviate. 

Tincture of camphor, one drop in six teaspoonfuls 
of warm water, to which has been added one teaspoons- 
ful of sugar. 

Dose — One teaspoonful every ten minutes till re- 
lieved, or, 

Nux vomica, 3x. One pellet in six teaspoonfuls of 
warm water. 

Dose — One-half teaspoonful every ten minutes till 
relieved. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 77 

Among other remedies are chamomilla, Pulsatilla 
and colocynth. 

A poultice made of allspice and laid across the 
abdomen while warm will entirely relieve. 

Constipation. — This occasionally becomes very ob- 
stinate. A mother should not wait long after using 
one of the given remedies. If they fail to act in a few 
hours, it is best to send for a physician, as prolonged 
cases may be followed by convulsions. 

Treatment. — Ofttimes oatmeal water will relieve. 
If the baby is artificially fed prepare its food with 
the oatmeal water, but where it nurses from the 
breast it will have to be administered between its 
regular nursings. 

Many good results are obtained by rubbing the 
stomach and abdomen night and morning with warm 
olive or castor oil. Eub in a circular or downward 
motion and continue it for fully ten minutes. Should 
these fail, cut a piece of castile soap, about the size 
of a pea in thickness and about one inch in length, 
point it on the end, dip it in warm water and insert 
in the rectum. 

Nux vom. 3d, is one of the best remedies. Mer- 
curius, bryonia, sulphur, lycopodium and many others 
are of great value. 

Diarrhcea. — In infants this is one of nature's first 
methods to remove obstructions, and in the majority 
of cases should not be checked. 

The natural movements are usually thin and of a 



• ~~ 



78 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

bright orange color. There is little odor. Many 
children have from three to six movements a day. 

Treatment. — Pay strictest attention to its diet and 
do not overfeed. Barley water, given as directed in 
oatmeal water, will often check obstinate cases. 

Chamomilla, during dentition and where there is 
pain and wind in the abdomen and the stools green, 
will be found a soverign remedy. 

China where there is great weakness and where 
there is undigested food in the stools. 

Colocynth where the stools are preceeded by cramp- 
ing pains. 

Cholera Infantum. — Many medical authorities 
claim that this disease, which carries off thousands of 
infants every year, would cease to exist if hygienic 
rules were strictly obeyed. 

Treatment. — After it has appeared and the baby is a 
victim, summon your physician. While awaiting his 
arrival give it a warm bath in a warm room. 

Boil a little arrow root and thin it with a little 
boiled milk and give it to the little one instead of its 
ordinary food. 

A thick rice gruel with a little beef juice added, 
give two teaspoonfuls every hour, should be given 
warm. 

The room in which the baby is kept should be cool, 
which can be done in warm weather by hanging a 
sheet wrung from cold water a little distance in front 
of the window where the air will blow upon it. Where 
it is possible the baby should be removed at once to 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 79 

the seaside or mountains as nothing is more beneficial 
than a complete change of air. 

Champhor and Veratrum. — These should be used 
alternately every hour. Where there is sudden at- 
tacks of vomiting and purging, ipecac, chamomilla, 
arsenicum and colocynth also head the list of remedies. 

Teething. — At this trying epoch of a child's ex- 
istence the best nursing and most intelligent medical 
attendance cannot guarantee immunity from the many 
ills that beset its young life. 

A careful mother, however, can many times save 
the little one from continued ill-health and perhaps 
death. 

Teeth are rather irregular in their evolutions but 
the average of their eruption is as follows : 

Sixth or seventh month, the two middle incisors. 

Ninth month, the two lateral incisors. 

Twelfth month, first molars. 

Eighteenth month, two canine. 

Tw r enty-fourth month, two last molars. 

No rule, however, can be laid down from which there 
will not be variations. There have been children who 
have not shown a tooth until the fourteenth month and 
others have been born with teeth. Early closing of 
the fontanelles indicate early dentition. Artificially 
fed children are slower in teething. 

The eruption of the canine or stomach teeth, seems 
to create greater disturbance than that of any other. 

During the teething process the child is restless, 
wants to bite, saliva dribbles from the mouth, some- 



80 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 



times the glands around the neck become hard and 
swollen. 

Treatment. — Give it plenty of fresh air, but avoid 
heat and cold. 

In regard to lancing the gums, although there is a 
prejudice, by many it is claimed that if the best results 
are obtained it should be done when the gums over 
the tooth is much elevated and red, it will give im- 
mediate relief. 

Coffea 3x for restlessness, wakefulness. 

Aconite 3x, feverishness, and gums swollen. 

Belladonna 3x, head hot, face flushed. 

Calc. carb. 3x, if the child starts during sleep, or 
where there is an enlargement of the glands around 
the neck. 

Worms. — While not a pleasant thought, it is true 
that parasites do inhabit the human body. 

There are several species, among them are : 

Ascaris lumbricoides (or round worm), these are the 
most common in children, in size and appearance 
they are like the ordinary earth worm. 

Ascaris vermicularis (or thread worms), these are 
like small bits of thread. 

Taenia solium (or tape worm), which may be many 
feet in length. 

Symptoms. — These are local and sympathetic and 
frequently very obscure. 

Pains in the abdomen, which is puffy and swollen, 
fetid breath, loss of appetite, with some there is a 
cough.. 







MOTHER AND CHILD. 81 

The thread worms are known by the intense itching 
which they cause. 

Treatment. — One of the best general remedies is 
santonine, one- tenth of a grain every five hours. 

For seat worms make a solution of salt and water, 
one teaspoonful of salt to a cup of water, have it warm 
and inject. 

The treatment of tapeworm should always be en- 
trusted to a physician. Do not give patent medicines 
for the removal of worms, they usually derange the 
stomach. 

Cina, spigelia and stannum are also highly recom- 
mended. 

Vomiting. — Some infants vomit easily after every 
nursing, which indicates the child takes too much, or 
that the milk is too rich or too sour. 

If it vomits the milk in a cheesy condition, it is 
evident it suffers from acidity of the stomach. If the 
milk vomited is clear, its stomach is too weak to digest 
it. 

Ofttimes the vomiting is caused by too tight 
bandaging. 

Treatment. — Kemove the cause. 



82 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

SECTION III. 

NERVOUS DISORDERS. 

Convulsions. — In the catalogue of diseases there is 
none which so quickly frighten and unnerve the mother 
or attendant, and yet there are few diseases less 
threatening to the child's life. Some children are so 
highly nervous that the slighest trouble will induce 
convulsions. 

Treatment. — Prepare a warm bath, the temperature 
of the water should be 90° F. Lay the child down 
and gently undress it. After this apply to the head 
a sponge or towel wrung out of cold water. Place it 
in the bath for about five minutes, remove it and wrap 
it in a blanket ; do not try to relax the muscles, let 
nature do that. 

If the child is exhausted and convulsions caused by 
diarrhoea, do not place cold water to the head, stimulate 
it with milk and brandy. 

Belladonna 3x where the face is hot and flushed 
with jerking in the sleep. 

Ignatia 3x to those of highly nervous organization, 
where the convulsions occur from dentition or from 
fright. 

Chamomilla 3x where there is great irritability, one 
cheek red and hot, bloated bowels. Child very fretful, 
wants to be carried. 

Ipecac and nux vomica where there is stomach . 
trouble. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 83 

SECTION IV. 

DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 

Chafing (Excoriations or Eawness of the Skin). — 
This occurs between the limbs, nates or buttocks, or 
under the arm-pits. It is caused by the negligence of 
the attendant, for should she wash the child in those 
parts often and between the limbs every time after the 
child wets its napkin or has a passage, and then 
sprinkle rice powder or Fehr's Compound Talcum 
Baby Powder, the child need never suffer from that 
inconvenience, but when they have occurred the parts 
should be lubricated with olive oil and powdered Peru- 
vian bark spread on it afterward. 

Erysipelas. — This generally proceeds from a cir- 
cumscribed spot around the umbilicus, or navel, from 
the sexual parts, the extremities, or the thorax. It 
spreads rapidly and may cover the whole body. 
Causes are washing the child with irritating substances, 
such as bad soap, uncleanliness, rude handling, in- 
juries and the use of spirits and bad diet by the 
mother, or by changes in the milk brought on by 
anger or passion. Symptoms are restlessness, fever, 
vomiting, diarrhoea, or constipation, the skin is of a 
reddish yellow, the urine scanty and leaves yellow 
stain. 

Treatment. — Aconite should be given immediately, 
alternated with bell. 3x. Three pellets in ten tea- 



84 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

spoonfuls of water. One teaspoonful every hour. 
Apis mel. and lachesis are also valuable remedies. 

Argentum nit. grs. lxxx. 

Aqua dist. oz. iv. 

M. Sig~ Paint the eruption all over with a camels'hair brush three 
times daily. 

Cranberry poultice will be found of service in obsti- 
nate cases. 

Mumps (Parotitis). — These seldom affect nursing 
children. There is an inflammation and enlargement 
of the salivary glands under and in front of the ear. 
They usually occur on one side, and as that subsides 
the other side becomes affected. 

They usually affect a person but once in a lifetime. 
They are not dangerous, although there are instances 
in which boys suffer from complication with the testes, 
and girls the ovaries and breasts. The swelling sub- 
sides in a week or ten days. 

Symptoms. — For a few days the patient is feverish, 
languid, loses appetite and does not rest, the neck 
becomes stiff, can scarcely move the lower jaw. 

Treatment. — Cover the neck with flannel. Do not 
expose the patient to cold or dampness. 

Mercurius protiodide 3x, one grain every three 
hours. 

Bell. 3x, when there is excitement of the brain. 

Mercurius solubilis 3x, one grain every two hours 
when the testes become involved. 

Aconite 3x may be alternated with either of the 
above remedies when there is a full and rapid pulse. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 85 

Jaundice. — This may supervene very soon after 
birth. The yellowness of the skin is sufficient evi- 
dence. If the child does not appear sick, and its 
stools are natural no treatment is necessary, except 
keeping it warm. If the urine is dark and yellow and 
the child has diarrhoea, the following remedies may be 
given: 

Mercurius 30x, a powder three times a day, or, 

Tart, emetic gr. j. 

Pulv. ipecac scr. j. 

M. Place in a wineglass of sweetened water. Give one teaspoon- 
ful three times daily. 

Milk Crust (Crusta Lactea). — This is generally 
characterized by little pustules disposed in irregular 
groops. They develop themselves upon the face and 
scalp, the pustules at first are white and slightly ele- 
vated, surrounded by a red, inflammatory areola or 
circle. The fluid discharged by them is transformed 
in drying into thin, yellow scabs. This is not a danger- 
ous disease but excessively annoying. The itching is 
intense. It is not contagious. 

Treatment — Six doops of the tincture of viola tri- 
color to twelve teaspoonfuls of water. Dose — One tea- 
spoonful every four hours. Other remedies, sulphur 
30x, calc. carb. 3x, graphities 6x. One powder three 
times daily. Or the following may be used externally : 
Apply sweet oil, or a mixture of sulphur and cream 
of tartar, equal parts. This will allay the itching, or, 

Borate soda gr. x. 

Rose water oz. ij. 

Glycerine dr. ij. 
M. Sig. Apply externally. 



86 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 



SECTION V. 

AFFECTIONS OF THE EAR. 

Otitis (Inflammation of the Ear). — This is caused 
by exposure to damp or cold, or a sudden suppression 
of an eruption. The symptoms are violent burning, 
stitching pain deep in the ear, swelling and redness of 
the ear, with fever. 

Otalgia or Earache. — Eesembles inflammation 
of the ear, but there is an absence of fever and there 
is no redness or swelling of the ear. The acceleration 
of the pulse is caused by the violent, beating pain 
within the ear. It is caused from a cold or from sym- 
pathy during eruption of the teeth. 

Otorrhea (Eunning of the Ear). — This is a sequela 
of inflammation of the ear. There is a thick, yellow 
discharge of pus from the ear. 

Treatment. — When the pain is violent a warm, hop 
poultice applied to the ear will give relief. The heart 
of a roasted onion placed in the ear has given relief 
when everything else has failed. Aconite 3x and bell. 
3x alternated. One pellet every hour when the ear is 
red, tender to the touch and swollen. Pulsatilla 2x 
often relieves more quickly than belladonna for the 
same symptoms. 

Mercurius 30x when the child is worse in the warm 
bed, where there is chilliness or a tooth is in process 
of eruption. For chronic running of the ears, mer- 









MOTHER AND CHILD. 87 

curius, liepar sulphur and calcaria carb., where the 
matter is purulent ; mercurius and lachesis where the 
matter is bloody. 



SECTION VI. 

SEXUAL AND URINARY ORGANS. 

Boys. — Immediately after birth examine the pre- 
puce, or foreskin, of the penis. If it is very long it 
should be retracted every day and the head thoroughly 
washed, otherwise the exudation between the glans 
and foreskin may cause inflammation and irritation 
and thus necessitate the interference of a surgeon. 

Girls. — Ofttimes soon after birth there will be an 
escape of a few drops of blood from the vagina, this 
is of no consequence and needs no treatment, other 
than the keeping of the parts perfectly clean. 

Eetention of Urine. — Shortly after birth the babe 
should discharge the contents of the bladder, other- 
wise the bladder will become distended and will cause 
a troublesome if not dangerous inflammation. 

Treatment. — If twelve hours after birth the little 
one has not passed water, wet a cloth in warm water 
and apply over its genital organs. If this does not 
have the desired effect give it an injection in the 
rectum of a gill of warm milk and water, or give it a 
warm bath. 

An infusion of common parsley, one teaspoonful 
given every hour, is an excellent remedy. 



88 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Gravel or Calculi. — The symptoms are a painful 
discharge of a few drops of blood-colored urine. 

Only a skillful physician should be allowed to treat 
this affection. 



CHAPTER XIII. 



DISEASES OP THE RESPIRATORY 
ORGANS. 

The lungs can be compared to a sponge, the 
channels through it are the bronchial tubes and the 
holes around and between those spongy, fibrous 
channels are the air cells. These channels are lined 
with a mucous membrane which when it becomes irri- 
tated exudes a quantity of mucus which fills up the 
holes and channels. The office of these channels is to 
allow the atmospheric air to get to the air cells. It is 
plain to be seen that this exudation of mucus will 
interfere, if not totally prevent, the entrance and exit 
of the air which is necessary for the purification of 
the blood. The drawing in of the air, which is done 
by the expansion of the lungs, is called inspiration; 
the expulsion of the air is called expiration. When 
the air is totally prevented from entering the lungs 
the patient is choked to death. 

Pure air is needed in the lungs to oxygenate the 
blood. The pure air gives up its oxygen to the blood 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 89 

and receives in its place carbonic acid, a most de- 
structive poison. In this manner the blood becomes 
oxygenated. 

The carbonic acid which is formed in this process 
is thrown off by the expiration of the lungs. The 
moment this process is prevented death must ensue 
from the carbonic acid. This is not the only chemical 
change which takes place but is the most important 
to our existence. 

Capillary Bronchitis. — This is an inflammation 
01 the lining membrane of the bronchial tubes. Com- 
* mences with common catarrhal symptoms, common cold, 
chilliness followed by a fever, hoarseness, respiration 
difficult and quick, frequent and distressing cough, at 
first dry then loose, the mucus collects rapidly in the 
windpipe and bronchial tubes which causes a great 
rattling, and can be plainly heard by placing the ear 
to the breast, of ttimes by placing the hand over the 
ribs or at the back this rattling can be felt. 

The appetite is impaired. All symptoms are worse 
at night. This disease is sometimes taken for croup. 
The face is pale and livid. 

Treatment. — Aconite lx where there is dry burning 
heat with thirst. 

Tartar emetic, severe proxysms of coughing, rattling 
in the chest where the bronchial tubes are full of 
mucus. 

Kali bichrom. 3x, cough with expectoration of tough, 
stringy mucus. 

Phosphorus 3x, complete loss of voice, tightness 






90 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

across chest, cough with expectoration of frothy, pale- 
red or rust-colored mucus. Cough dry. 

Ipecac 3x, loose cough, tendency to suffocation, diffi- 
culty of breathing. 

Pneumonia. — In the child the symptoms are almost 
identical with bronchitis, except the cough which is 
generally dryer, shorter, and more hurried and very 
painful. Upon every respiration there is coughing; 
the face is red and flushed, the eyes congested and 
shiny, the skin is hot, the tongue is parched and dark 
xed. The bowels are usually constipated. 

In placing the ear to the breast during the first 
stage, a crepitis sound is heard like the cracking 
of salt placed in the fire, the mucus rattle heard in 
bronchitis is absent. As the inflammation progresses 
the substance of the lung becomes altered in structure, 
and the disease has entered the second stage or stage 
of hepatization which is a solidifying of the part. 

If the disease is not checked at this period it runs 
to the third or suppurative, at this time a gurgling 
sound may be heard over the affected part, thus proving 
matter has formed and the air is passing through it. 

At this stage it is very alarming and surely no in- 
experienced person should attempt to treat it. 

Treatment. — Keep the room of an even temperature. 
A flannel wrung from hot alcohol may be placed over 
the chest. 

Aconite. — One drop of the tincture, given ever hour, 
in a half teaspoonful of water during the stage of con- 
gestion. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 91 

Veratrum vir. — Where the sputa is rusty, great op- 
pression of the chest, pulse full, hard and bounding ; 
delirium. 

Dose for child, four drops of the tincture every hour. 

Bryonia. — Dry, painful cough, hoarseness, motion 
aggravates cough ; constipation. 

Phosphorus. — Particularly in advanced stages, dry 
cough, dull sound on percussion, child cries when it 
has to cough. 

Other remedies are mercurius, ipecac, chelidonium, 
tartar emetic. 

Many physicians do not advocate the use of poul- 
tices, but magnificent results have been obtained, 
aided by them. Flaxseed poultices are among the 
best. 

Make out of wool goods a double pad, large enough 
to cover the patient's throat, chest and abdomen. Sew 
all its edges together, except for a short distance, thus 
leaving an opening through which pass sufficient bran 
to make the pad an inch thick in every part. Sew up 
the opening and quilt the pad not too closely, taking 
long stitches with coarse thread, keeping the bran 
evenly spread. Dip this in boiling water, press it 
almost dry and apply to the patient's chest, throat 
and abdomen as hot as it can be endured, covering it 
quickly with flannel. When cold draw it away without 
uncovering the patient and quickly repeat the opera- 
tion. Continue to apply these as long as there is 
pain or difficult breathing. If there are two pads to 
use alternately the application may be made more 
rapidly and with better results. 



92 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Keep up the patient's strength by frequently admin- 
istering beef tea or the white of an egg beaten and 
mixed with a cup of milk and a little sugar and wine, 
or flaxseed tea flavored with lemon and sugar. 

Sore Throat and Tonsilitis. — Children are liable, 
as well as adults, to these diseases. Common sore 
throat is ushered in with a cold, sometimes with chil- 
liness and a fever, the throat becomes red and swollen. 
These symptoms may pass off in twenty-four hours 
or may go on to a higher degree of inflammation when 
an abscess may form. The ulcerated sore throat, or 
quinsy, is more dangerous and its symptoms more 
severe — high fever, painful deglutition and difficulty 
of breathing. 

The tonsils are covered with whitish elevations, 
which break and assume an ulcerated appearance, 
and frequently leave the tonsils enlarged. 

Treatment. — Apply around the neck a bandage wet 
in cold water, well covered with a piece of flannel to 
prevent evaporation. Every two hours the bandage 
should be removed, dipped in cold water and reapplied. 
In the beginning of an attack, emerse the feet in 
warm water for five minutes and thoroughly dry. 

Aconite 3x and belladonna 3x, alternately, three 
pellets every hour when the following symptoms are 
present: Fever, with dryness in mouth and thirst, 
with deep redness of the tonsils and palate, eyes con- 
gested, pain in the ear. 

Mercurius 3x, every hour two pellets when there is 
enlargement and ulceration of tonsils, pricking pains 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 93 

when swallowing, extending to the ears ; profuse dis- 
charge of saliva, much perspiration which does not 
relieve, worse at night. 

Kali bichromicum lx, two grains dissolved in fifteen 
teaspoonfuls of water and one teaspoonful should be 
given, alternating with mercurius, when the tonsils are 
not only ulcerated but show a disposition to form 
patches of membrane over them. 

Diet. — This should be light and in liquid form. 
Where the patient is old enough the swallowing of 
small bits of ice will be grateful to them and useful in 
allaying local inflammation. When there is consti- 
pation an enema of lukewarm water should be given. 

Whooping Cough. — Almost all children are destined 
to become a prey to this disease. It attacks but once 
in a lifetime — with rare exceptions. It is divided into 
three stages. 

First stage. — Has all the symptoms of a common 
cold, sneezing, watering of the eyes and nose, with an 
ordinary cough. This stage may last from twelve to 
fifteen days. The child seems better, but the cough 
remains. 

Second stage. — At this juncture the well-known 
whoop appears. From that time there is no longer 
any doubt. The child becomes acquainted with the 
sensation in the throat that denotes the approach of 
the coughing fits and instinctively runs to his nurse, 
grasps her arms, her dress, or a chair, or anything 
near that will give him support. The whoop is caused 
by an attempt to get air in \he lungs. The child 



94 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

looks as if he were suffocated, turns black in the face, 
sometimes vomits, in very violent cases blood bursts 
from the mouth, nostrils and ears. "When the fit of 
coughing has subsided the eyes, which seem to have 
started from their sockets during the paroxysm, be- 
come natural and suffused with tears. The child 
forgets his trouble and becomes playful. This stage 
reaches its heighth in two or three weeks. 

Third stage. — Convalescence now begins. The parox- 
ysms become less violent and further apart. This 
stage may last weeks and even months. Compli- 
cations may arise which render this cough dangerous 
to life. It may result in bronchitis or inflammation 
of the stomach and bowels. 

It is an infectious disease and is apt to occur in the 
form of an epidemic. It develops in course of ten or 
twelve days after exposure to it. It may occur in a 
babe of few months. The younger the more dangerous 
the disease. 

Treatment.— Aconite 3x should be given during the 
first stage for the feverish condition and dry cough. 

Tartar emetic. — If the cough is loose with rattling 
in the chest. 

Ipecac. — If the cough is paroxysmal, with vomiting, 
and raising of mucus. 

Phosphorus. — If the lungs are invaded. If there is 
debility, oppression of breathing, thirst and diarrhoea. 

Drosera. — Where the paroxysms are violent after 
the whoop has appeared and the child vomits the in- 
jesta. 

Cuprum. — If the paroxysm appear very often during 



MOTHER AND CHILD, 95 

twenty- four hours. If the patient is rigid and uncon- 
scious, accompanied by drowsiness. It is especially 
indicated when convulsions appear instead of the 
cough. Tartar emetic should be given in alternation 
with it. 

For those living near a gas house, if the child is 
taken there, during the hour when they remove the 
lime from the tank, and allowed to breathe that gas it 
will obtain great relief. 

Children with whooping cough, unaccompanied by 
complications, should be sent out every day to get 
fresh air and exercise. 

Croup, Spasmodic. — This is one of the infant's worst 
enemies. It is not contagious, yet not to be trifled 
with, and in all cases a skillful physician should be 
summoned. It is most common in damp, windy 
weather. 

This form usually makes its appearance suddenly. 
The little one awakens with a choking cough, difficulty 
of breathing, noisy and wheezing inspiration. 

Croup, Catarrhal. — Also begins suddenly. This, 
however, is preceeded by catarrhal symptoms, such as 
sneezing, running at the nose and eyes. 

Both of the above forms may, if neglected, result 
in membraneous croup. 

Treatment. — The room should be kept at an even 
temperature of about 75°. A handkerchief wet in 
cold water should be placed around the neck, over 
this place a flannel to prevent evaporation. Eenew 
this every hour. A warm foot-bath will be of benefit. 



96 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

A warm flaxseed poultice may be placed around the 
neck when there is an objection to the cold compress. 

Hepar sulph. 3x, alternated with ipecac, one drop 
of the tincture in a teaspoonful of water, every fifteen 
minutes, will almost always change the hard, dry, 
grating sound of the cough into a moist, loose, easy 
cough. Wake the child and give the dose at regular 
intervals. As soon as the symptoms have subsided 
let the child sleep. 

Aconite 3x should be given when there is any fever, 
one pellet every half hour till fever subsides. 

Spongia 3x should be alternated with aconite 3x 
when there is catarrhal cough. 

When an emetic is necessary give the child a tea- 
spoonful of melted lard. 

Tartar emetic lx, two pellets every twenty minutes 
until relieved. Where the respiration is difficult, cold 
sweat on the forehead and body, head thrown back, 
pulse small and rapid, with difficulty of swallowing 
and disposition to sleep. 

One-half teaspoonful of pulverized alum mixed with 
one teaspoonful of sugar, and a small quantity given 
every few minutes, is said to act speedily. 

Croup, Membraneous. — Who is not alarmed when 
the bugle note of this dread disease is sounded ? It is 
one of the terrors of the nursery and is usually the 
sequel in a day or two of what seems an ordinary cold, 
as chilliness, sneezing, some soreness of the throat, 
hot skin, slightly accelerated pulse, hoarse voice and 
some little impediment to respiration, At this period 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 97 

if you place the ear upon the back of the neck, or 
over the larynx, a whistling or buzzing sound will be 
heard. As the disease advances the febrile symptoms 
increase, the respiration is more labored and difficult. 
The inspiration, especially after coughing, will be slow, 
sawing, sonorous, or wringing, while the expirations 
are quick, the cough is dry and gives forth a metallic 
sound, the voice becomes shrill, the pulse frequent 
and small, the expression of countenance swollen and 
anxious, the head usually thrown back. The extrem- 
ities cold while the rest of the body remains at a high 
temperature. There is often profuse perspiration, the 
cheeks and lips become livid, the eyes red and sunken, 
the whole organism prostrated, and the child expires 
in a state of asphyxia or suffocation. The duration of 
the disease is usually from two to fourteen days. 

Treatment. — As soon as suspected call a physician. 

Bromine lx is perhaps the most important remedy. 
It is given when the membrane is formed, the child 
breathes with difficulty, a sybilant noise is heard at 
every inspiration. 

Its head is thrown back, looks anxious and grasps 
with its little hands at the throat to relieve the op- 
pression, the child gasps for air. Dose, five drops in 
fifteen teaspoonfuls of water, one teaspoonful every 
thirty minutes. 

Aconite should be used alternately when there is 
fever. 

Bichcromate of potash should be given when the child 
vomits pieces of membrane, and when the bromine 
has not relieved in twelve hours. 



98 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Dose, one grain of the first trituration dissolved in 
ten teaspoonfuls of water, one teaspoonful every half 
hour until relieved. 

Diphtheria. — This is a disease of so complicated a 
nature and so dangerous to life, that were it not pos- 
sible that it suddenly invades some home where the 
services of a physician could not immediately be pro- 
cured, it would be better herein to give no treatment. 

It is an infectious disease, rapid in its progress, 
attended with great prostration. The characteristic 
of diphtheria is a false membrane that covers the 
tonsils and soft palate. It forms quickly in patches 
which rapidly spread and coalesce, thus covering in a 
short time the entire throat. The patient then has 
difficulty in breathing and is almost totally devoid of 
the power of swallowing. Solids cannot be taken and 
liquids are apt to be returned through the nose. At 
first the membrane is opaque and thick and of a 
leather color. At this stage it begins to detach and 
large pieces are thrown off leaving underneath an 
inflamed surface which soon becomes re-covered by a 
second membrane. This one adheres more firmly 
and any attempt to remove it causes bleeding. The 
pulse in children ranges from 140 to 160 per minute. 
The fetid breath is a constant symptom of an alarm- 
ing case. The sudden prostration, characteristic 
membrane and the the peculiar odor of the breath will 
distinguish diphtheria from common sore throat, 
scarlet fever, quinsy or tonsilitis. 

Treatment. — Kali bichromicum lx, two grains dis- 



L _ 



MOTHER AND CHILD, 99 

solved in sixteen teaspoonfuls of water, one teaspoon- 
ful every hour. This should be given in alternation 
with 

Mercurius protiodide lx, one grain should be given 
dry upon the tongue. These remedies should be con- 
tinued in alternation for at least twelve hours. 

Cyanide of mercury 6x, six pellets every hour is 
very efficient when the disease has assumed a ma- 
lignant form. 

A favorite prescription with Dr. H. Selden, of 
Sweden, is cyanide of mercury, one-third grain; 
honey, two ounces. Mix well and give a teaspoonful 
every thirty or sixty minutes, according to age of 
patient. 

Phytolacca tincture, thirty drops to a glass half full 
of water, can be used with great benefit as a gargle 
where the patient is old enough. 

Great claim is made for the following preparation, 
as a destroyer of the membrane, which is manu- 
factured by Pairchild Bros. & Foster. 

Tuypsin grs. xxx. 

Bicarbonate of soda grs. x. 

Mix and add water sufficiently to make a thin paste. Apply this 
with a camel'shair brush to the membrane. 

If the child will not permit this operation make it 
much thinner and apply by a spray. 

Diet should be such as to sustain the vital forces. 
Rich broths, wine whey, milk punch, brandy and 
water, and claret. In adults the swallowing of ice is 
beneficial. Everything which can restore strength to 
the patient should be done. Nourishing food, good 
air, etc., are of the utmost importance. 



100 MOTHER AND CHILD, 

This being an infectious disease, every precaution 
should be taken to prevent contagion. 

Each case should be isolated. Burn all discharges 
and anything else used to wipe the patient's lips ; all 
clothing, bedding, etc., should be carefully disinfected. 

Influenza. — Common cold in the head is as common 
in children as in adults. 

Symptoms — Stoppage of the nose, running of acrid 
water or mucus from the nose, the eyes are inflamed 
and painful, the chest is oppressed and cough is 
present. The cold is often ushered in by fever, pain 
in the head, chest, body or limbs. 

Treatment. — Arsenicum 30x, where there is an acrid, 
watery mucus running from the nose and eyes, and 
there is severe frontal headache. 

Camphor, five drops of the tincture to a half glass of 
water, one teaspoonful every hour till relieved. This 
should be given where arsenicum does not relieve. 

Mercurius will be found useful when the discharge 
from the nose is a thick, yellowish mucus ; the eyes 
are red, cough loose, and diarrhoea is present. 

Bryonia and Aconite, alternately, when the patient is 
feverish. Has fits of coughing and pains about the 
chest. 

Belladonna and Aconite, alternately, when there is 
fever, headache, fullness of the head, throbbing 
arteries, congestion of the eyes and dry coi^h. 

Tartar emetic and Phosphorus, alternately, if the 
cold is on the chest causing great oppression ; pros- 
tration, with a loose cough. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 101 

CHAPTER XIV. 



FEVERS. 

A very slight disorder may induce fever in an 
infant. As soon as it is suspected we should try and 
ascertain its cause, whether it be from indigestion, 
teething, cold, worms, etc., or is it one of the fevers 
to which childhood is so susceptible. 

Scarlet Fever. — This is so named from the char- 
acteristic scarlet eruption, and is, in the beginning, 
ofttimes taken for measles. It is more apt to be 
malignant than any of the eruptive fevers. 

One member of the family may have it in a very 
mild form while the remainder, if exposed, may have 
it in its severest type. 

It is both contagious and infectious. As soon as 
the case is discovered the patient should be isolated, 
and all whose services are not needed in the care 
of the patient should be refused admittance to the 
room, which should be large and well ventilated, the 
temperature of which should be, during the eruptive 
period, about 68°. When the pealing off or desqua- 
mation period sets in, the temperature should be 
raised to 75°. The greatest care should be exercised 
to prevent taking cold. 

Symptoms. — The interval from the exposure and 
the manifestation of the disease varies from three to 
twelve days. The onset is usually sudden although 



102 MOTHER AND CHILD, 

it may be preceeded by slight indisposition. The 
throat is sore and red, pain in swallowing, fever runs 
very high, nausea and vomiting are often present, the 
face is ofttimes red and swollen, the eyes red and con- 
gested. The tongue is described as a strawberry 
tongue, being very red with raised papillae. The 
eruption appears on the neck and chest first, then 
spreads all over; the eruption is usually so minute 
and crowded as to give the skin a uniformly red ap- 
pearance — a flush, as it were, all over. In marked 
cases the rash, at its height, has a vivid scarlet hue, 
unlike that seen in any other disease. 

The rash usually remains out from four to six days 
after which the rash begins to fade, following this the 
surface of the skin is thrown off in bran-like scales ; 
however, large pieces of the skin may come off. We 
have seen pieces covering the greater part of the 
hand, fingers and soles of the feet peel off. This peel- 
ing off process continues from one to two weeks. 
During the second and third week of the disease, when 
convalescence seems to be progressing finely, the most 
serious complications may arise. 

Treatment. — Sponge the child three times in every 
twenty-four hours with water to which has been added 
a little vinegar, dry each part of the body as quickly 
as it has been sponged and cover immediatety, when 
the whole body is dry place vaseline or olive oil in the 
palm of the hand and pass it gently over the surface 
of the entire skin, this will afford great relief. Give 
a teaspoonful of water frequently to moisten its parched 
and feverish tongue. Until the scaling process has 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 103 

been completed the child should not leave the bed, 
and it should be kept in the room for three weeks after. 
More careful attention is necessary during conva- 
lescence than during the fever period, not only for the 
child but for others. A brief visit to some other part 
of the house during this period, might leave behind it 
fever germs of the most virulent type. 

Serious complications may follow this disease, 
deafness, dropsy, disease of the kidneys and diseased 
lungs. 

Belladonna 3x, when the eruption is perfectly smooth 
bright red. Head hot, delerium, flushed face. Starts 
and jumps while asleep. 

Bryonia 3x. — The eruption does not come out fully 
or suddenly disappears, this in conjunction with a hot 
bath or pack will be sufficient. 

Arsenicum 6x. — The eruption delays or grows sud- 
denly pale, great prostration, intense thirst, putrid 
sore throat, foul diarrhoea. 

Sulphur 30x. — Eruption growing purple, violent 
itching, mouth and throat dry. Stupor. 

Rhus tox 3x. — Eash dark color, itches violently, 
drowsy but restless. Nosebleed at night. 

Note. — The sickroom and its contents must be 
thoroughly fumigated, as well as all articles of clothing 
used by the patient. 

Measles, — This disease although not so fatal as 
scarlet fever, is often followed by disorders that re- 
main and disturb the health for years, and perhaps 
for life. 



104 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

Symptoms. — Measles usually appear about ten days 
after exposure, although they may appear much earlier 
and often later. 

They usually begin with a chill followed by fever, 
sometimes nausea and vomiting. There are shiverings, 
sneezing, running of the nose, redness and watering 
of the eyes. Later, a severe cough and bronchial 
catarrh. Nosebleed and convulsions may occur. 

About the fourth day the rash appears, generally 
appears first upon the forehead near the roots of the 
hair, in the form of dull-red pimples, which increase 
in size and coalesce, thus spreading over the entire 
body. It requires about four days for the eruption 
to cover the entire body. The rash begins to fade in 
thirty-six hours from the part upon which it first ap- 
peared. 

The eruption may be suppressed from taking cold 
or indiscretion in eating. 

This is a serious complication and needs prompt 
treatment. 

On the fourth day the fever subsides and the rash 
begins to fade. 

Treatment. — Keep the patient in a darkened room 
and do not permit the use of the eyes. 

Should the eruption be delayed in coming out, use 
the warm pack. 

Aconite 3x. — High fever, oppression of the chest. 
Eestless, skin hot and dry, great thirst. Pulse quick 
and full. 

Bryonia 3x. — Eruption suppressed or delayed, con- 
gestion of the lungs with sharp sticking pains. 



MOTHER AND CHILD. 105 

Pulsatilla 3x. — Thick yellow discharge from the nose, 
stomach deranged, longs for fresh air. Battling of 
phlegm in the chest, diarrhoea with mucous discharges. 

Diet andEegimen. — Nourishment should consist of 
barley, oatmeal, rice, farina, gruels, milk, and water, 
bread and butter and stewed fruits, except in cases 
where prostration indicates the need of broths and 
beef tea, or in the infant who is nursing the beverages 
may consist of water, sweetened or not, mucilaginous 
drinks, such as slippery elm, gum arabic, marsh-mallow 
water, etc. 

In measles the room should be kept moderately 
warm. The beverages while they may be given cold 
in scarlet fever should have the chill off in measles. 
While in scarlet fever it is grateful and safe to sponge 
the body, it would be absolutely dangerous to do so in 
measles. 

Caution should be taken that change of clothing be 
done with doors and windows closed and that fresh 
articles of clothing should have been exposed to a 
perfect drying-process before the fire immediately be- 
fore putting them on. Do not use linen that has been 
a long time washed and placed in closets and drawers. 
No matter how thoroughly it may have been dried it 
must have absorbed from the atmosphere a moisture 
which is perilous to the patient. 

Chicken-pox (Varicella.) — This is the most mild of . 
the eruptive diseases. It is both infectious and con- 
tagious. 



106 MOTHEE AND CHILD. 

Symptoms. — After one or two days of malaise, ac- 
companied by fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea 
and vomiting, the characteristic eruption appears. 
This eruption has no predilection for localities. It 
may first appear on the chest, hands or limbs. The 
eruption which begins as minute pimples, spreads out 
into vesicles which appear like round blisters caused 
on the skin by drops of boiling water. In three or 
four days they dry up ; while some dry others come 
out, which is directly opposite that of small-pox. 

Treatment. — This disease seldom requires any medi- 
cal treatment. 

Aconite 6x where there is high fever. 

Belladonna 12x where the child is restless and the 
head hot. 

Coffea 3x at night will quiet the nervousness. 

Intebmittant Fever. — This often occurs in children 
of the most tender age. It is asserted that babies 
have been born with it, transmitted to them by 
mothers who had the fever during pregnancy. 

Symptoms. — The child may not shake like the grown 
person but by careful observation it will be found that 
at a certain time of the day, the child becomes listless, 
is restless and will not nurse. Its feet and hands be- 
comes cold, its face pale and bluish, in an hour or 
two it becomes very feverish. 

In three or four hours a moisture is noticed over the 
entire body. The fever abates and gradually leaves. 
Erom the moment the fever leaves the child becomes 
playful, appears well and wants to nurse. In twenty- 



MOTHER AND CHILD, 107 

four or forty-eight hours the above symptoms reappear 
and run the same course. 

Sweet Quinine, one-half grain every three hours, will 
arrest this disease within three or four days. 

As soon as the child misses the fever give the one- 
half grains only twice a day. 

The following are frequently indicated: Natrum 
mur., sulphur, belladonna and gelsemium. 

But this fever is accompanied by so many different 
symptoms that no one remedy or set of remedies will 
cover them. We have had most excellent results from 
the above treatment. 

In malarial districts the night air should be avoided 
and we should sleep in upper stories. 



HORLICK'S MALTED MILK FOR 
BOTH MOTHER AND CHILD. 



For the child it is offered as a substitute for mother's milk in case the 
natural supply is deficient or while the child is being weaned. It is 
composed simply of pure, fresh, sterilized cow's milk, peptonized and 
combined with an extract of specially malted grain, the whole being 
then evaporated to powdered form in vacuo. Its use will be found 
much more satisfactory than cow's milk and infants thrive much better 
upon it because it contains in addition to the cow's milk, all the valu- 
able nutritive properties of malted grain in a soluble and easily-digested 
form. 

It does not form into hard curds in the stomach as with raw milk, is 
free from starch, sugar-cane or any other indigestible or harmful 
ingredients. Other points in its favor are its pleasant taste and con- 
venience for use, as it is complete in itself and requires no addition of 
milk or cooking. It is especially valuable for infants that are naturally 
weak or for those suffering from cholera infantum or any digestive 
trouble. 

For nursing mothers it is recommended as a table drink for addition 
to their diet in place of tea, coffee, cocoa, etc., as it not only makes a 
more healthful and nutritious drink, but both increases and enriches 
the lacteal flow. 

Endorsed by eminent physicians everywhere for both infants and 
adults. Send for a sample package and our Manual of Dietetics, free. 
MALTED MILK CO., RACINE, WIS. 



DIETETICS; 

OR WHAT TO FEED THE SICK. 



CHAPTER XV. 



BEVERAGES. 

To allay the thirst from which the sick suffer does 
not only aid nature in their recovery but adds greatly 
to the patient's comfort. 

The fever-tossed patient, especially if they be de- 
lirious, often suffer for drink. Pure water, if taken 
too freely, is apt to disorder the stomach and bowels, 
but there are substances which added to water destroy 
any injurious effects it may have and increases its 
power to quench the thirst. 

The following recipes will be found most meritorious : 

ELM TEA. 

Break into small bits, about two ounces of slippery- 
elm bark, pour over this one quart of boiling water ; 
let it stand until cold, strain. Add a small piece of 
ice to each drink and sweeten if desired. 

GUM-ARABIC WATER. 

Juice of one lemon; one teaspoonful sugar; one 
pint hot water; two teaspoonfuls gum arabic. Put 
all into a pitcher ; keep it on a hot stove till gum is 
dissolved. Serve when cold. 



110 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

TOAST WATER. 

Toast slowly a thin piece of bread till it is brown 
and hard, not black. Put it in a bowl of cold water 
and cover tightly. Let it stand an hour before using. 

JELLY WATER. 

One teaspoonful of any sour jelly added to one glass 
of water, is a most pleasant drink. 

APPLE WATER. 

One large juicy apple ; three cups cold water. Pare 
and quarter the apple. Put on the fire in a closely- 
covered sauce-pan with the water ; boil until the apple 
is fine. Strain as soon as taken from the fire. Sweeten 
to taste. Drink it ice cold. 

TAMARIND WATER. 

Tamarinds, one table spoonful ; ice water, one 
gobletf ul ; sugar, one teaspoonful. Stir the tamarinds 
in the water until dissolved ; strain and sweeten. 

Beneficial in constipation. 

LEMONADE. 

Juice of half a lemon ; one teaspoonful white sugar ; 
one goblet water. 

RASPBERRY SYRUP, 

Dissolve two and one-half ounce of citric (or tartaric) 
acid in one quart of cold water. Put in this six pounds 
of the fruit ; let it stand twenty-four hours then strain, 
being careful not to bruise the fruit. To each pint of 
the liquor add one and one-half pounds of loaf sugar. 
Leave it for a few days in a china or glass jar and 



DIETETICS. Ill 

then bottle securely. A teaspoonful of this' added to 
a glass of water makes a most delightful drink. 

RASPBERRY VINEGAR. 

Put one and one-half pints of the best wine vinegar 
to three pounds of raspberries in a glass or porcelain 
vessel ; let this stand for two weeks then strain. Put 
in well-corked battles. A tablespoonful to a glass of 
water is a most refreshing drink. 

WINE WHEY. 

Fresh milk, one pint; sour wine, one wineglassf ul ; 
sugar, one teaspoonful. Put the milk into a shallow 
sauce-pan and bring it to the boiling point; pour in 
half of the wine; stir gently and let it simmer and 
skim off the curd which rises. After a few minutes, 
pour in the rest of the wine. Skim the remaining 
curd ; sweeten and use cold. 

SAGO MILK. 

Three tablespoonfuls of sago soaked in a cup of cold 
water one hour. Add three cups of boiling milk; 
sweeten and flavor to taste ; simmer slowly for half an 
hour. Eat warm. 

Tapioca milk is make in the same way. 

ICELAND-MOSS LEMONADE. 

One handful of Iceland moss ; two quarts of boiling 
water ; two lemons. Wash the moss in two waters ; 
peel and slice the lemons, throwing away the peel. 
Moisten the sliced lemons with four tablespoonfuls of 
sugar ; mix this with the moss and pour over it the 



112 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

boiling water, let it stand until cold. Sweeten to 
taste and take it ice cold ; if too thick add eold water. 

FLAXSEED LEMONADE. 

Four tablespoonfuls flaxseed; one quart boiling 
water ; juice of two lemons ; sugar to sweeten. Put 
the flaxseed in a pitcher, pour over it the boiling 
water, cover it and let it steep for three hours. When 
cold add the lemon juice and sweeten to taste. Let 
the patient have it ice cold. 

LEMON ICE. 

Six lemons; one large sweet orange; one pint of 
water ; one pint of sugar. Grate the peel of three lemons 
and remove the rind of the orange. Squeeze the juice 
from the orange and all the lemons and steep it in 
the rind of orange and lemons one hour ; strain, mix 
in the sugar and then the water, stir until dissolved 
and freeze in a freezer. 

EGG LEMONADE. 

Beat up one egg to a froth, make one goblet of 
lemonade, using the juice of an entire lemon, sweeten 
to taste. Stir in the egg and add pounded ice. 

BARLEY WATER. 

One pint boiling water ; two ounces of pearl barley ; 
wash the barley and soak for one-half hour in a little 
lukewarm water and stir without draining into the 
boiling water; add a little salt, simmer one hour, 
stirring often. This is most excellent for infants 
suffering with diarrhoea. 



DIETETICS. 113 

The above, with the juice of one lemon added, is a 
most refreshing drink. 

OATMEAL WATER. 

Oatmeal, two tablespoonfuls ; cold water, one pint; 
stir the meal into the water and let it stand one hour, 
strain and use. 

EGG WATER. 

Cold water, one gobletful; whites of two eggs; 
sugar to sweeten. Stir the eggs gently into the water, 
but do not beat them, add the sugar. This is a bland 
and nourishing drink which can be taken by the most 
delicate stomach when most everything else is rejected. 

COFFEE AND EGG. 

Make a cup of strong coffee, adding boiling milk 
and sweeten. Take an egg, beat yolk and white 
thoroughly together ; boil the coffee, milk and sugar 
together and pour it over the beaten egg into the cup 
in which you are going to serve it. This is used in 
hospital practice and it is found that many having lost 
appetite will take this with a relish. 

EGG nog. 
One egg ; milk, one gobletful ; sugar, two teaspoon- 
fuls ; wine, two tablespoonfuls ; powdered sugar, one 
tablespoonf ul ; powdered ice. Break the yolk of the 
egg and the sugar together and stir them into the 
milk, add the ice and wine, lastly beat the white of 
the egg to a froth and whip it in f 



114 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

HOT LEMONADE. 

Lemon juice, two tablespoonfuls ; boiling water, one 
gobletful; sugar, one tablespoonful. Put all in a 
hot bowl and stir for a few minutes. Drink hot when 
desired to induce perspiration. 

CORN TEA. 

Parch common corn until brown through, grind and 
pour on boiling water, drink with or without cream. 
This is most excellent for nausea, vomiting and diar- 
rhoea. 

BUTTERMILK. 

Should be fresh and sweet. There are many forms 
of dyspepsia in which it will remain on the stomach 
when all other food is rejected. In fevers it is very 
nourishing; in diabetes it can be employed as a cheap 
article of diet. It may be put in clean bottles and 
canned or sealed and thus kept for a long time. It 
should never be used after becoming bitter. 

BUTTERMILK POP. 

Put one quart of buttermilk in the milk boiler, 
when nearly boiling add tw r o tablespoonfuls of flour, 
or corn meal, which has been rubbed smooth with one 
tablespoonful of milk, stir until boiling and serve hot. 

HOT MILK. 

This is a valuable food in morning sickness of preg- 
nancy and for nursing women, and is most excellent 
in low fevers and nervous dyspepia. 



DIETETICS. 115 

CHAPTER XVI. 



BLANC MANGE AND CUSTARDS. 

ICELAND MOSS. 

One handful of Iceland moss ; one quart of boiling 
water ; juice of two lemons. Wash the moss in two 
or three waters, let it soak for one hour in a little cold 
water, now stir in the boiling water and simmer until 
dissolved. Put in the lemon juice, sweeten to taste 
and place into molds. 

FRUIT BLANC MANGE. 

One quart of the juice of strawberries, cherries, 
grapes, or other juicy fruit ; one cup water. When boil- 
ing, add two tablespoonfuls of sugar, and four table- 
spoonfuls of corn starch wet in cold water, let it boil six 
minutes, then pour into cups or molds. Serve with 
cream or boiled custard. 

FARINA BLANC MANGE. 

Stir in a quart of boiling milk farina enough to 
make a thin pudding, then let it cool. Before entirely 
cold stir in the yolk of one egg and a little sugar, then 
add the whites of two eggs whipped to a stiff froth, 
and beat thoroughly. Serve cold with fruit or jelly. 

ARROWROOT BLANC MANGE. 

Milk, one teacupful; arrowroot, four teaspoon- 
fuls; sugar, two teaspoonfuls. Make a smooth paste 
of the arrowroot with cold water. Stir this into the 



116 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

milk while the latter is boiling. Add the sugar, flavor 
with vanilla, stir all the time and boil until it thickens. 
Turn out and when cold eat with cream. 

TAPIOCA BLANC MANGE. 

Tapioca, one cupful; boiling milk, three cupfuls; 
white sugar, three tablespoonfuls. Soak the tapioca 
four hours in two cups of cold water, and stir the 
whole into the boiling milk; sw T eeten and boil the 
whole for fifteen minutes, stir all the while. Take off, 
flavor to suit and pour into molds; eat cold with 
cream. Wash the tapioca before using. 

GELATINE CHARLOTTE RUSSE. 

One pint cream ; one-half ounce gelatine dissolved 
in one cup hot milk ; whites of two eggs ; two table- 
spoofuls of white sugar. Whip the cream light, beat 
the eggs to a stiff froth ; mix these and the sugar to- 
gether, flavor with lemon or vanilla, and at last beat 
in the gelatine, which should be quite cold before it is 
added, pour into a dish and set on the ice. 

SAGO BLANC MANGE. 

One pint of milk; one-half pound of sago. Soak 
the sago in cold water for four hours ; heat the milk 
and stir in the soaked sago; when it has dissolved, 
sweeten to taste ; boil slowly for fifteen minutes stiring 
all the time. Take from the fire, flavor and beat until 
nearly cold ; pour into moulds dipped in cold water, 
turn out and eat with sweetened cream. 

BAKED CUSTARDS. 

Two eggs ; one pint of milk, and two tablespoonfuls 



DIETETICS. 117 

of sugar; scald the milk, beat the yolks up with 
sugar, and add this to the milk; when well mixed stir 
in the whites, previously well-beaten; flavor to taste; 
pour into cups and bake until brown. 



CHAPTER XVII. 



CREAMS AND JELLIES. 

WHIPPED CREAM. 

A deep bowl and an egg-beater are the best acces- 
sories. 

Pure sweet cream, not too thick, is required ; it will 
whip much easier if very cold, therefore, a pan of 
cracked ice under the bowl is recommended. 

When the whipped cream is wanted very stiff, a 
tablespoonful of gelatine, dissolved in a very little 
milk, may be added to it. For some purposes it is 
best to sweeten before beginning to whip. This is 
best done by adding tw T o tablespoonfuls of pulverized 
sugar to one pint of cream, a few drops of vanilla ex- 
tract should be added ; by vigorous whipping a stiff 
froth will be produced in a few moments. 

COFFEE CREAM. 

One cup of strong clear coffee ; one-half box of gela- 
tine soaked in a half cup of milk for one hour, placed 
in double boiler over the fire, add one cup of sugar. 
The cup of coffee and the well-beaten yolks of four 



118 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

eggs strain and set away to cool ; when almost cold, 
stir for a few minutes until smooth and almost stiff, 
then stir in quickly a pint of whipped cream, pour 
into moulds and set on the ice. 

CHOCOLATE CREAM. 

For this the mode is precisely the same as coffee 
cream. Substituting a cupful of rich, thick chocolate 
for the coffee. The amount of chocolate used may 
vary according to taste. 

ORANGE CREAM. 

The juice of four oranges, sweeten and mix with the 
yolks of four eggs. A tablespoonful of gelatine dis- 
solved into a little warm water, add dissolved gelatine 
and when almost cold add one pint of whipped cream. 

SPANISH CREAM. 

One quart of milk; yolks of three eggs; one-half 
box gelatine; two tablespoonfuls of sugar. 

Soak the gelatine for one hour in the milk ; put it 
on the fire and stir well ; beat the yolks well with the 
sugar; add them to the scalding milk and boil two 
minutes, stiring all the while ; flavor with lemon or 
vanilla. When almost cold put into a mould wet with 
cold water. 

TAPIOCA JELLY. 

Cold water, three cupfuls; tapioca, one cupful; 
juice of one lemon. 

Put the tapioca in a two-quart basin, and pour over 
it sufficient water to cover; let it soak for four hours. 
Now set the basin in a saucepan of boiling water; 



DIETETICS. 119 

pour more warm water over it if it is too thick ; keep 
the water in the pan boiling. Cook until it becomes 
clear; if too thick at this time put in a very little 
boiling water ; when quite clear put in the lemon juice 
and sweeten to taste, pour into moulds ; eat cold with 
cream. This is a simple, easily-digested dish, and 
very appetizing to the sick. 

CHICKEN JELLY. 

One-half spring chicken; one quart cold water; 
break all the bones by pounding the chicken with a 
mallet, bones and meat together. Put this in a sauce- 
pan, pour on the cold water; cover the vessel and 
simmer slowly until the liquid is boiled down one- 
half; remove it, press through a cullender, then 
through a coarse cloth. You will now have a thick 
liquid which you can salt to taste (use no pepper), re- 
turn it to the fire and let it simmer five minutes. Pour 
into a dish and skim when cool. It is best kept on 
ice. It can be eaten alone or with toast. 

It is one of the most delicate meat dishes and is 
tempting to the sick. 

LEMON JELLY. 

Moisten two tablespoonfuls of corn starch, stir this 
into one pint of boiling water ; add the juice of two 
lemons ; grate in a little of the rind. Put into moulds. 

APPLE JELLY. 

Pare and cut four large apples into pieces, place in 
a preserving pan with sufficient cold water to cover 
them. Let them boil for an hour, then drain the 



120 MOTHER AND CHILfi. 

syrup from them through a hair sieve ; measure th6 
juice. To every teacup of juice add two teacups of 
white sugar, boil these together for three-quarters of 
an hour; remove the scum as it rises; keep stiring 
least it burn. Add lemon juice to taste. 

WINE JELLY. 

One box of gelatine, dissolved in a pint of cold 
water ; one pint of wine ; one quart of boiling water ; 
one quart of granulated sugar and three lemons. 

GELATINE JELLY. 

Place one ounce of gelatine in half a pint of cold 
water, soak for ten minutes ; add half a pint of boil- 
ing water and stir until the gelatine is dissolved. 

Add the juice of two lemons, sugar, and the white of 
an egg well beaten, stir these in; boil for three 
minutes, strain through a jelly bag and let stand 
until set. Eat with or without cream. 



DIETETICS. 121 

CHAPTER XVIII. 



BROTHS AND SOUPS. 

MUTTON BROTH 

Lean mutton, one and one-half pounds ; cold water, 
one quart ; salt to season. 

Free the mutton entirely from the fat; cut it up 
fine, put it into a saucepan with the water and salt 
and stew it for two hours ; thicken with a little flour ; 
when cool remove all fat from the surface. Heat a 
small quantity and give to patient. 

OYSTER BROTH. 

Oysters, one pint ; cold water, one-half pint; a little 
salt and pepper. 

Cut the oysters into small pieces, put into a sauce- 
pan with w T ater and salt and simmer ten minutes; 
skim, strain off the broth and add the pepper. A little 
milk may be added for those who perfer it. Serve 
hot with toast. 

BEEF BROTH. 

Lean beef, one pound; cold water, one pint; salt to 
season. Free the beef from fat and pound it ; boil two 
minutes over a very hot fire ; mince it fine ; put it 
into a jar with the cold water and salt and let it soak 
several hours; tie a cloth over the mouth of the jar, 
set it in a kettle of cold water ; bring this to a boil and 
let it boil slowly for ten hours. 



122 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

CHICKEN BROTH. 

Cut a tender chicken into small pieces ; put these 
into a suitable dish, salt and pour on it a quart of cold 
water. Let it simmer for an hour and a half; strain 
through a sieve or coarse towel; season to taste. 
Thicken with a little sago or flour if desired. 

The yolk of an egg beaten up and added to any broth 
greatly increase their nutritive value. 

SOUPS. 

MACARONI SOUP. 

Into a quart of boiling water put a handful of 
broken macaroni, let it boil one hour, then add two 
cupfuls of strained, stewed tomatoes. Just before 
serving, add one cup of cream. 

FARINA SOUP. 

Add to any kind of soup stock one-half cup of farina ; 
one-half cup of cream ; one egg, well beaten ; cook 
slowly for one -half hour. 

TOMATO soup. 
One pint of canned or fresh tomatoes ; one quart of 
water ; one pint of milk. Season to taste. Boil ten 
minutes, strain before serving. 

VEAL SOUP. 

One pound of veal ; one quart cold water ; salt and 
boil slowly for two hours. Add a tablespoonful of 
tapioca or sago. 

PEA soup. 

One cup of peas soaked over night; put on in one 



DIETETICS, 123 

pint of cold water ; boil until peas are soft, put through 
the colander. Add to this a cup of sweet cream; as 
soon as it boils it is done. 

beef soup. * 

One pound of raw beef ; two quarts of cold water; 
boil for two hours; strain; season to taste, and add 
one tablespoonful of rice, sago or tapioca. 

CHICKEN SOUP. 

This is prepared the same as the beef by substi- 
tuting the chicken. 



CHAPTER XIX. 



GRUELS. 

FARINA GRUEL. 

Farina, one tablespoonful; boiling water, one pint; 
salt, a pinch. Sprinkle the farina into the water as 
it boils, stirring briskly; season with salt and simmer 
half an hour. Just before removing from the fire add 
a tablespoonful of cream. 

OATMEAL GRUEL. 

Oatmeal, three ounces; water, four pints; boil 
slowly till reduced to two pints ; add one cup of milk, 
strain through a sieve. 

RICE GRUEL. 

Rice, two tablespoonf uls ; cold water, one cupful; 



124 MOTHER AtfD CHILD. 

fresh milk, one and one-half pints ; sugar and salt a 
little. Wash the rice and soak it in cold water one 
hour ; put into the kettle with the milk and simmer 
% till the rice is well done. 

SAGO GRUEL. 

Water, two cupfuls; sago, two tablespoonfuls ; 
sugar, three teaspoonfuls ; put the sago into the water, 
boil until well done; season with lemon or vanilla. 
Can be eaten warm or cold. 

ARROWROOT GRUEL. 

Arrowroot, three teaspoonfuls; boiling water, one- 
half pint ; mix the arrowroot into a soft paste with a 
little water; pour the boiling water upon this and 
mix thoroughly. Add one cup of milk; boil for five 
minutes ; sweeten to taste. 

CORNMEAL GRUEL. 

This is made same as arrowroot, substituting the 
cornmeal. 

BOUILLIE. 

Made by roasting the best wheat flour in an oven ; 
boil this for a considerable time in milk and water, 
equal quantities ; add a little sugar. This is one of 
the first foods for infants used in France. 



DIETETICS. 125 

CHAPTER XX. 



VEGETABLES. 

ASPARAGUS. 

Bind the asparagus in a bundle with a piece of tape 
keeping the buds all one way. Cut the stalks of equal 
length, be careful and cut off all that is tough. Put 
it into a porcelain-lined kettle with enough boiling 
water to cover; add a very little salt; boil until 
tender. Season with butter and pepper. 

BAKED POTATOES. 

Wash and thoroughly dry the potatoes ; bake in a 
brisk oven until they yield to pressure under the 
fingers ; remove at once from the oven, break the skin 
to let out the steam, and serve with butter, pepper 
and salt. 

STEWED CELERY. 

Cut the stalks into pieces, about five inches long, 
thoroughly wash them; lay them in a saucepan that 
contains just enough slightly-salted boiling water to 
cover. Boil slowly till tender; drain, and season 
with butter and pepper. 

TOMATOES WITH CORN. 

Cook the tomatoes half an hour, then add one- third 
as much green corn, cut from the ear. Stew slowly 
for half an hour. 



126 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

SCALLOPED TOMATOES. 

Place in a pudding dish alternate layers of bread 
crumbs and tomatoes, letting the topmost layer be 
tomatoes; add a little salt. Cover and bake slowly 
for an hour, then uncover and brown for ten minutes. 



CHAPTER XXI. 



BREAD. 

RICE BREAD. 

Make a sponge of warm water, one quart; yeast, 
one teacupful ; white sugar, one tablespoonf ul ; lard, 
two tablespoonfuls ; white flour, one quart; beat well 
together, and in about five hours, when it has risen, 
add three pints of warm milk and three teacupfuls 
rice flour wet to a thin paste with cold milk and boil 
four minutes, as you would starch. This should be a 
little more than lukewarm when it is stirred into the 
batter. If not thick enough to make into a dough, 
add a little wheat flour. Knead thoroughly, and treat 
as you would wheat bread in the matter of two risings 
and baking. This is a delicate bread for invalids and 
keeps well. 

UNFERMENTED BROWN BREAD. 

Mix three pounds of brown flour with ten drachms 
of bicarbonate of soda ; make this into a dough with 
twenty-five ounces of cold water, containing twelve 



DIETETICS. 127 

and a half fluid drachms of muriatic acid. Bake im- 
mediately, it is prepared. 

BREAD PANADA. 

Place in a saucepan some very thin slices of bread, 
a little more water than enough to cover it ; boil until 
the bread becomes pulpy; strain off the water and 
beat up the bread. Season to taste, some prefer it 
sweeteened. 

CRACKER PANADA. 

Split ten small oyster crackers, spread each piece 
with butter and lay them in a bowl; sprinkle with 
sugar ; pour on enongh hot water to cover, and grate 
a little nutmeg over them. 

CORN BREAD. 

One quart of cornmeal; one pint boiling water: 
one pint sweet milk ; pour the boiling water on the 
cornmeal, add to this the sweet milk; stir to a smooth 
batter and bake for one-half hour. 

BOSTON BROWN BREAD. 

Graham flour, three cups; Indian meal, one cup; 
molasses, one cup; sweet milk, two cups; sour milk, 
one cup ; soda, one teaspoonf ul. Steam three hours 
and bake two hours. 

GRAHAM BREAD. 

One quart of warm water ; two quarts of graham 
flour; soak half cake of compressed yeast. Put this 
into a bread pan, which has been well greased, when 
light, bake one hour. 



128 MOTHER AND CHILD. 

UNLEAVENED BREAD. 

One quart of wheat flour mixed with enough ice- 
cold water to make a dough. Knead for five minutes ; 
bake in a hot oven. Eaisins may be added if desired. 

OATMEAL GEMS. 

One quart of oatmeal ; mix with enough milk and 
water to make a thick batter ; bake in a hot oven in 
gem pans. 

BROWN GEMS. 

Indian meal, one pint; water enough to make a 
batter the consistency of cream ; beat for ten minutes. 
Bake in a quick oven. 

WHEAT GEMS. 

Add to a pint of wheat flour enough milk and water 
to make a batter that will drop from a spoon ; add the 
whites of two eggs whipped to a stiff froth; add one 
tablespoonful of cream ; beat thoroughly and bake in 
a quick oven. 



CHAPTER XXII. 



EGGS. 



BOILED EGGS. 

It is a mistaken idea that an egg should be placed 
into boiling water, for by so doing the white hardens 
and becomes tough and is indigestible and not fit for 
a well person to eat. 



DIETETICS. 129 

To boil an egg properly, put it into a vessel, cover 
with cold water, place it over the fire and the second 
the water Logins to boil the egg is done. The white 
is as delicate as a jelly, and as easily digested and 
nutritious. 

POACHED EGGS. 

Have a pan containing salted water; put in this 
muffin rings ; break the eggs and let them stand in 
these rings for ten minutes without boiling; remove 
the rings and the eggs will be nicely and evenly ccoked. 

SCRAMBLED EGGS. 

Beat six eggs and one cup of milk together. Cook 
in a buttered skillet, stirring occasionally. 

STEAMED EGGS. 

Break the eggs into cups and steam for ten minutes. 

EGG OMELET. 

Beat the whites of three eggs separately ; beat the 
yolks with one tablespoonful of milk and one table- 
spoonful of flour ; stir the whites in lightly. Cook in 
a hot buttered skillet ; w 7 hen the edges cook turn over 
lightly. 



' 






INDEX. 



Abdomen, enlargement of 29 

Abdominal support 41 

Air and exercise . 63 

Appetite 34 

Loss of 34 

Artificial food 57 

Attention to mother 51 

Baths 42-43 

Baby's regime 62 

Sleeping apartments 66 

Wardrobe 67-71 

Bed 66 

Bathing 42 

Bandaging 47 

Bates' waist 41 

Bed, preparation of 46 

Bronchitis 89 

Chafing .83 

Champagne 34 

Children's rights . . . . . • .45 

Chicken-pox 105 

Cholera infantum 78 

Clothing of infants ...... 52 

Colic of infants 76 



132 



INDEX. 



Conception . 










. 24 


Constipation 








35-77 


Condensed milk . 








. 59 


Convulsions 










. 82 


Cows' milk . 










. 57 


How sterilized 










. 58 


Coryza 










. 74 


Corsets 










. 41 


Creeping and walking 










. 63 


Cries of babies . 










. 64 


Croup 










.- 95 


Spasmodic . 










. 95 


Membraneous 










. 96 


Dentition, table of 










. 79 


Development of embryo 










. 25 


Diarrhoea of pregnancy 










. 36 


Of infants . 










77 


Diet during pregnancy 










35 


Of infants . 










44 


Dietetics . 










109 


Diphtheria . 










98 


Dress 










41 


Dressing of infant 










51 


Ear, diseases of . . . 








86-87 


Erysipelas . 








. 83 


Exercise in pregnancy 










43 


Excoriation . 










83 


Eyes, disease of . . . 










74 


Fallopian tubes . . 










23 



INDEX. 



133 



Feeding of infants 








. Gl 


Foetal heart-beat 








. 29 


Fcetal development 








25-27 


Fevers 








. 101 


Scarlet 








. 101 


Intermittent 








. 10G 


Flatulence . 








. . 36 


Food for infant . 








. 59 


Mother 








35-44 


Garters 








. 41 


Gastric derangements 








75-81 


Gravel , 








. 88 


Headache . 








. 39 


Haemorrhoids 








. 39 


Hiccoughs . 








. 75 


Horlicks' Malted Milk . 








. 59 


Hygiene of pregnancy- 








40-45 


Impregnation . , 








. 24 


Infants 








. 50 


Diseases of . . 








. 71 


Wardrobe . 








. 53-69-71 


Bath . 








. 54 


Clothing 








. 52 


Cleanliness 








. 55 


Influenza ... 








. 100 


Insomnia . 








. 39 


Jaundice . 








37-85 


Labor . . . 








48-50 



134 



INDEX. 



Labor, articles needed 
Premonitory signs 
Leucorrhoea • 
Liver spots 
Lungs 
Luxuries for baby 

Measles 

Mental disorders 
Milk, mother's . 

Cows' 

Sterilized 

Condensed . 

Malted 
Milk-crust . 
Morning sickness 
Motherhood 
Mother's relation to child 
Mumps 

Navel, dressing of 

Pouching of . 

Inflammation of 
Nipples 
Nursing 

Time for 
Nursing-bottles . 

Ovaries • 
Ovi-ducts . 

Painless childbirth 
Palpitation of the heart 






INDEX. 



135 



Piles 








. 39 


Pneumonia. 








. 90 


Pregnancy .... 


* 






. 28 


Diseases of . 








. 32 


Duration of . 








. 30 


Hygiene of . 








. 40 


Mental disorders . 








. 32 


Exercise 








. 43 


Dress .... 








. 41 


Signs of 








. 28 


Table of 








. 31 


Pre-natal culture 








. 40 


Preparation for labor 








. 46 


Of patient . 








. 49 


Presentation of child to mother 








. 53 


Pruritus • . 








37 


Pulse of infant . 








. 72 


Quickening. 








29 


Kectum, prolapse of . 








75 


Recreation during pregnan 








44 


Respiration . 








73 


Rupture 








52 


Scarlet fever . 








101 


Sex, determined in utero . 








29 


Sexual organs . . 








87 


Shirt of infant • 








53 


Shoes 








42 


Sleep 








62 


Sleeping apartments . 








66 



186 



INDEX. 



Sleeplessness 
Stomach disorders 
Swelling of limbs 

Temperature 
Teething 
Thrush 
Tonsilitis . 
Toothache . 
Umbilical cord . 

Urine, retention of 
Uterus 

Vagina 

Varicose veins . 
Vomiting . 

Water for baby . 
Weaning 
Wet nurse . 
Whooping- cough 
Worms 



39 
33 
39 

73 
79 
75 
92 
36 
51-52 

87 
24 

24 
40 
81 

61 

65-66 

66-67 

. 93 

. 80 






